Toyota Motor Company is expanding the production of their gas$-$electric hybrid drive systems and plans to shift production in the United States. To enable the expansion, they are contemplating investing $$1\mathrm{.}5$ billion in a new plant with an expected $10-$year life. The anticipated free cash flows from the new plant would be $$220$ million the first year of operation and grow by $10\%$ for each of the next two years and then $5\%$ per year for the remaining seven years. As a newly hired MBA in the capital budgeting division you have been asked to evaluate the new project using the WACC, Adjusted Present Value, and Flow$-$to$-$Equity methods. You will compute the appropriate costs of capital and the net present values with each method. Because this is your first major assignment with the firm, they want you to demonstrate that you are capable of handling the different valuation methods. You must seek out the information necessary to value the free cash flows but will be provided some directions to follow. $($This is an involved assignment, but at least you don$$t have to come up with the actual cash flows for the project!$)$

$1.$ Go to Nasdaq $($www$.$nasdaq.com$)$ and get the quote for Toyota $($symbol: TM$).$

a$.$ Click on the income statement. The income statements for the last three fiscal years will appear. Copy and paste the data into Excel.

b$.$ Go back to the Web page and select $$Balance Sheets$$ from the top of the page. Repeat the download procedure for the balance sheets, then copy and paste them into the same worksheet as the income statements.

c$.$ Now go to Yahoo! Finance $($finance$.$yahoo.com$)$ and get the quote for Toyota. Click $$Historical prices$$ in the left column, and find Toyota$$s stock price for the last day of the month at the end of each of the past three fiscal years. Record the stock price on each date in your spreadsheet.

$2.$ Create a timeline in Excel with the free cash flows for the $10$ years of the project.

$3.$ DeterminetheWACCusingEq$\mathrm{.}18\mathrm{.}1.$

a$.$ For

the cost of debt, rD:

b$.$ For

the cost of equity, rE:

i$.$ Go to finra$-$

markets.morningstar.com$/$BondCenter$/$Default$.$jsp and click to search. Enter Toyota$$s symbol, select the Corporate toggle, and press $$Enter$.$

ii$.$ Look at the average credit rating for Toyota long$-$term bonds. If you find that they have a rating of A or above, then you can make the approximation that the cost of debt is the risk$-$free rate. If Toyota$$s credit rating has slipped, use Table $12\mathrm{.}3$ to estimate the beta of debt from the credit rating.

i$.$ Get the yield on the $10-$year U$.$S$.$ Treasury Bond from Yahoo! Finance $($finance$.$yahoo.com$).$ Click on $$Market Data$$ then click on $$US Treasury Bond Rates.$$ Enter that yield as the risk$-$free rate.

ii$.$ Find the beta for Toyota from Yahoo! Finance. Enter the symbol for Toyota and click $$Statistics$.$ The beta for Toyota will be listed there.

iii. Use a market risk premium of $4\mathrm{.}50\%$ to compute rE using the CAPM. If you need to$,$ repeat the exercise to compute rD$.$

c$.$ Determine the values for E and D for Eq$.18\mathrm{.}1$ for Toyota and the debt$-$to$-$value and equity$-$to$-$value ratios.

i$.$ To compute the net debt for Toyota, add the long$-$term debt and the short$-$term debt and subtract cash and cash equivalents for each year on the balance sheet.

ii$.$ Obtain the historical number of shares outstanding from Investing.com $($www$.$investing.com$).$ Enter Toyota$$s ticker in the search box, click $$Financials$.$ Look on the income statement for $$Diluted Weighted Average Shares.$$ Multiply

the historical stock prices by the number of shares outstanding you collected to compute Toyota$$s market capitalization at the end of each fiscal year.

iii. Compute Toyota$$s enterprise value at the end of each fiscal year by combining the values obtained for its equity market capitalization and its net debt.

iv$.$ Compute Toyota$$s debt$-$to$-$value ratio at the end of each year by dividing its net debt by its enterprise value. Use the average ratio from the last four years as an estimate for Toyota$$s target debt$-$to$-$value ratio.

d$.$ Determine Toyota$$s tax rate by dividing the income tax by earnings before tax for each year. Take the average of the three rates as Toyota$$s marginal corporate tax rate.

e$.$ Compute the WACC for Toyota using Eq$.18\mathrm{.}1.$

$4.$ ComputetheNPVofthehybridengineexpansiongiventhefreecashflows you calculated using the WACC method of valuation.

$5.$ DeterminetheNPVusingtheAdjustedPresentValueMethod,andalso using the Flow$-$to$-$Equity method. In both cases, assume Toyota maintains the target leverage ratio you computed in Question $3$c$.$

$6.$ Compare the results under the three methods and explain how the resulting NPVs are achieved under each of the three different methods.