TRADEMARK LAW

Super Bowl Advertising:

The NFL, which owns trademark rights in the phrase "Super Bowl," has long claimed that any commercial usage of the phrase "Super Bowl" requires a license, including for "Super Bowl" sales or "Super Bowl"-watching events. Read/listen to the following report on Marketplace about this:

• Rickey Bevington,How do you advertise a Super Bowl party without saying "Super Bowl?,"Links to an external site.Marketplace (Jan. 30, 2019).

FACT OF THE ARTICLE:

The Atlanta Super Bowl Host Committee expects one million people to attend the game and events

How do you advertise something without saying what it is you're advertising? That's the catch for companies hoping to market hundreds of parties and concerts connected to Super BowlLIII. The Los Angeles Rams play the New England Patriots Sunday, Feb. 3 at Mercedes Benz Stadium.

week, including around 150,000 people from out of town.

Thanks to strict National Football League trademarks, businesses can't market their products using the words "Super Bowl." Since first trademarking the phrase in 1969, the NFL has secured dozens of protected words and other content, including "Super Sunday," "NFL," "Monday Night Football," "Thursday Night Football," 32 team names, slogans, logos and theme music.

If you turn on an Atlanta radio or television station this week, you're likely to hear advertisements calling it "the big game." The NFL hasn't been successful in trademarking the expression.

"Right now we're working on ways to say 'the big game party' without saying "Super Bowl party," said Myron "Magic" Gigger, production director for Urban One radio stations.

He's at his studio computer editing a commercial for a Dungeon Family concert happening in Atlanta on Super Bowl Sunday. On the desk next to him is a reference sheet listing the trademarked words he can't allow on the radio. In the commercial, rapper Rico Wade promotes the show without using any of the protected words.

"This is the official 'Welcome to Atlanta' party, Sunday Feb. 3. Big Game Sunday. You know what it is. Everybody's in town," says Wade over a background of music and sound effects.

"He mentioned a lot of things that were going on at the event. Then he said you know what it is," Gigger said. "'You know what it is' pretty much says it in sum. We're having a great big Super Bowl party. Just come on out and have a good time."

Urban One is an official partner for the NFL's 20th Annual Super Bowl Gospel Celebration at Atlanta Symphony Hall. The company is allowed to use trademarked language exclusively in those promotions.

With dozens of different ads airing across four radio stations, avoiding trademark infringement is a juggling act for a broadcaster to navigate. Urban One Regional Vice President Tim Davies has never received a cease and desist order.

"No, thank goodness I have not," Davies said. "Because that's exactly what you don't want to have happen."

But a church in Indianapolis was not so lucky. It did get the NFL's attention in 2007 when it promoted a big screen Super Bowl watch party and the NFL objected.

The league aggressively protects trademarks to protect fans, saidAnastasia Danias, a senior vice president for theNFL.

"I think any time you have advertisements that are likely to confuse our fans and impact our partners that will detract from the authentic NFL experience that we want every fan to have and that every fan deserves," Danias said.

Safeguarding its trademarks also means the NFL can command hundreds of millions of dollars from sponsors like Hyundai, PepsiCo and Anheuser-Busch. Sponsorships start at around $10 million.

It's that kind of free marketplace that trademarks can help to thrive, according toAtlanta media and First Amendment attorney Derek Bauer.

"Trademark protection is to carve out space for businesses to be creative and innovative and know that the brand that they're developing is protected and won't be stolen by a competitor," said Bauer, who helps radio and television stations avoid trademark infringement.

If trademarks and free enterprise illustrate the American spirit, so does the only exception to enforcing them: Bauer also points out journalists can use trademarks in their reporting thanks to the First Amendment.

QUESTIONS:

1. Is it a fair use for a retailer to advertise a "Super Bowl Sunday Sale" or for a bar or restaurant to say, "Come watch the Super Bowl with us"? Should it be?

2. Be sure to identify which type of fair use is at issue here whether descriptive fair use or nominative fair use, and what are the applicable test would be.