1. Prior to COVID-19. Carter Bank offered mortgage loans to Hometown, USA residents. a. DEFINE the key risks embedded in a mortgage loan. b. Before agreeing to make the mortgage loan, Carter requires its borrowers to enter into credit default swap (CDS) contracts with a third-party private mortgage insurance (PMI) firm to cover any losses due to a job loss or disability. Which risk (based upon your answer in part a) is Carter transferring to the PMI firm? What type of option does a CDS contract resemble, thus making it appropriate for this purpose? Explain. c. When Carter makes new mortgage loans, does the duration of its asset portfolio increase or decrease? You must define duration in your answer. d. When Carter makes new mortgage loans, does it increase the negative or positive convexity risk to its lending portfolio? Explain your reasoning. e. Explain what it means for Carter bank to spread the yield curve. f. Given COVID-19, mortgage rates fell following the Fed's rate cut. How can this reaction effect the total revenue stream of Carter's mortgage portfolio? Support your answer with a completely labelled graph illustrating the change in embedded optionality. g. Suppose Carter previously entered into an interest rate swap contract to lock in short rates at 1.5%. After the Fed cut rates to 0%, which portion of Carter's swap--the synthetic call or synthetic put-was in-the-money? Explain your reasoning. (Hint: How was the interest rate swap constructed, and what was the strike price?) h. For Carter's mortgage portfolio yield curve spread, summarize the effect on the total revenue component, the total cost component, and the overall net effect. Your answer must be consistent with your answers in parts f and g. 1. Prior to COVID-19, Carter Bank assumed that mortgages rates had already hit their historic bottom. Following the Fed's surprise cut, mortgage rates hit new historic lows. Based upon this assumption, can part 1d be answered differently? Carefully explain