True-False Questions 1. Normalizing accounting data refers primarily to eliminating errors and outliers, thus creating ?normal data.? 2. An important reason for normalizing data is to eliminate data redundancy. 3. A flat file is a database with no records. 4. There are exactly three normal forms. 5. Databases cannot store more than one value in the same data field of the same record. 6. A database is in first normal form if all of its record?s data fields are well defined and the information can thus be stored as a flat file. 7. A database is in first normal form if the data it contains is free of errors and outliers. 8. A database is in second normal form if all of its records are in first normal form, and a second, duplicate record exists for each of them. 9. A database is in third normal form if all of its records are in second normal form, and there are no transitive dependencies. 10. An example of a transitive relationship in a parking-tickets application is the one between ?ticket code? and ?fine amount.? 11. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between ?medical procedure code? and ?cost of treatment.? 12. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between ?doctor number? and ?doctor name.? 13. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between ?doctor number? and ?patient name.? 14. The letter ?M? in the acronym DBMS stands for ?maintenance.? 15. The letter ?M? in the acronym DBMS stands for ?management.? 16. A DBMS is a type of hardware. 17. A DBMS is a type of software. 18. DDL is an acronym for ?data definition language.? 19. Databases are the same thing as database management systems. 20. A DBMS is an efficient database table in third normal form. 21. When purchasing a new database management system, managers should focus on the system?s technological capabilities rather than its compatibility with current systems. 22. An example of a data type for a database record field is ?text.? 23. An example of an input mask for an Access data field is ?000\-00\-0000.? 24. Database designers typically store employee Social Security numbers as ?Long Integer? data types. 25. DML stands for ?data management logic.? 26. Database management systems allow their users to create ?input masks? which help to prevent input errors. 27. A database schema is a plan of the entire database. 28. A database subschema is a plot that can often be discovered with forensic accounting. 29. SQL is an example of a database query language. 30. OLAP is notable for its ?drill-down capability.? 31. Online analytical processing enables a computer system to display information that must be computed from the data stored in a database. 32. Pivot tables are powerful statistical tools, but allow the user little flexibility in selecting what data can be analyzed. 33. Object-oriented databases are used to archive older data that management no longer needs to process. 34. Multimedia databases have rendered traditional text databases useless. 35. It is not necessary for data to be ?clean? or accurate if they are stored in a data warehouse. 36. If creating a data mart is not cost effective, management should consider creating a data warehouse, which typically uses less money and time to design. 37. Data warehouses are only used for analyzing current accounting data. 38. Using Microsoft Access, ?referential integrity? enables you to delete a record on the ?one? side of a one-to-many relationship. 39. Using MIcorsoft Access, you can delete a record from the ?many? side of a one-to-many relationship, even if referential integrity is enforced. 40. A dynaset is the set of records that results from a query. 41. A dynaset is the total set of records in a database table. 42. Using Microsoft Access to create a select query with multiple criteria (all of which you want satisfied at the same time), you should specify them on the same Criteria line of the query. 43. Using Microsoft Access to create a select query with multiple criteria (all of which you want satisfied at the same time), you should specify them on separate Criteria lines of the query. 44. An OR operation (query) in Microsoft Access requires you to use multiple Criteria lines to create the query. 45. If you wish to create a select query with alternate criteria using Microsoft Access (e.g., you wish to see a list of all customers living in zip codes 12345 or 12366), you should specify them on separate Criteria lines of the query. 46. An update query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to increase the prices by ten percent for all those products starting with product code ?123.? 47. An append query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to systematically add the term ?Jr.? to individual names in a customer database. 48. A delete query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to delete all those records in a table satisfying specific criteria. 49. It is not necessary to spell accurately or correctly when creating queries in Microsoft Access because such matters as case or spelling are corrected automatically by the system?s spell checker. 50. It is not possible to conduct multi-table queries using Microsoft Access because each table in the system is independent of the others. Multiple-Choice Questions 51. The process of data normalization refers to: a) Eliminating data errors and other problems from ?normal data? b) Scaling data to values between zero and one c) Storing data in normal storage media such as hard disks d) none of these 52. As described in the chapter, all of these are normalization ?forms? except: a) First normal form b) Second normal form c) Third normal form d) all of these are normal forms 53. The reason why database designers normalize data is: a) To eliminate data errors b) To scale data properly c) To create backup copies of data d) To create efficient database tables 54. In the context of databases, the term data redundancy refers to: a) Storing the same information in several records b) Repeating data on multiple reports c) Using foreign keys which duplicate the values of primary keys d) all of these are possible examples of data redundancy 55. A database is in third normal form if it is second normal form and: a) It contains no data redundancies b) It contains no foreign keys c) It contains no transitive dependencies d) all of these 56. An example of a transitive dependency in a database is: a) Student ? grade b) Telephone area code ? phone number c) Airline ? flight number d) Parking Code ? parking fine amount 57. An example of a transitive dependency in a database is: a) Student ? university course number b) Parking ticket code ? total of student parking fines c) Product number ? product price d) Age ? social security number 58. A database management system is: a) A set of computer files b) A set of one or more computer programs c) A set of data to be processed by a computer d) A manual accounting information system 59. Database management systems are important to accountants because: a) They automate file storage tasks and enable managers to generate worthwhile financial reports b) They eliminate data redundancy c) They are unique data structures which accountants have never used before d) They are easy to develop and therefore save money e) They are energy efficient 60. Database management systems can be implemented on: a) Mainframe computers only b) Mainframe and minicomputers only c) Mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers d) Microcomputers only 61. A disadvantage of database management systems is that: a) They are not flexible b) They cannot be implemented on microcomputers c) They rarely support file inquiries d) They are often machine dependent (e.g., not all DBMSs can run on all types of computers) 62. Which of these terms is synonymous with the term ?combo box?? a) Collection box b) Textbox c) Criteria line d) Drop-down box 63. An advantage of using a drop-down box in an Access database is that: a) It helps users avoid input errors b) It provides an input mask for data entries c) It automatically screens numeric data for incorrect values d) all of these are correct 64. All of the following are advantages of drop-down boxes in Access except: a) It limits users to valid input choices b) It takes a small amount of room, even if the number of choices is large c) It always limits users to numeric entries d) The entries for the combo box can be stored in a separate table 65. You can instruct Access to display a particular error message if you use this property: a) Validation rule b) Validation text c) Validation message d) Validation error 66. If you want to require a data entry in an Access database to fall between two dates (rather than between two numeric values): a) You should use a select query using one line b) You should use a select query, using two lines c) You should use a validation rule and the word ?between? d) This is impossible to require in Access 67. A database developer can require Access to display records in an ascending sequence using this data field property: a) Organize b) Index c) Reorganize d) Sequencing 68. A ?default value? for an Access data field is: a) The value of last resort b) A value that Access will assume if the user does not enter one c) A value that Access will take from the last record entered into the system d) none of these 69. An advantage of defining a default value for an Access data field is that it: a) Assures that the data in all records will be exactly the same for that field b) Eliminates data redundancy c) Helps create subsequent queries on that field d) Saves typing, and probably errors 70. The purpose of an input mask is to: a) Disguise data when they are first input into a database b) Transform data from alphabetic to numeric formats c) Help users avoid data entry errors d) Hide sensitive data such as passwords onscreen 71. At the time that a user starts to input data into a database, an ?input mask? for a telephone number in an Access database might look like: a) xxx-xxx-xxxx b) abc-def-ghij c) ( _ _ _ ) _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ d) none of these 72. The value that a database will use if the user does not provide an alternate value is called a(n): a) Asset value b) Text value c) Control value d) Default value 73. To perform a range test of the ?hours worked? data field for an employee, you should store the term ?Between 0 and 40? in which of these properties in Access? a) Text b) Testing procedure c) Validation rule d) Validation text 74. To perform a range test on the hours worked data field in an Access database that requires the entry to be at least 0 and no more than 40, you should express this requirement as: a) At least 0; Not more than 40 b) 0<= X <= 40 c) Between 0 And 40 d) none of these 75. The purpose of using validation tests in the record definition of a database is to: a) Make sure the database works properly b) Avoid data entry errors c) Ensure normalized data d) Verify that the user is authorized to enter data in the database 76. In Access, a validation rule triggers at the time that: a) The user first enters data into the database b) The DBMS first uses the data in a report c) The user first requests the database to test data with a menu command d) The user powers up Access and loads that particular database 77. DML stands for: a) Distributed management logic b) Data management logic c) Data management language d) Data manipulation language 78. When Access links records to one another in different tables, the foreign key in one record refers to the _______ in another record. a) Primary key b) Secondary key c) Foreign key d) Linkage key 79. This tool enables a DBMS to extract only a subset of records from a database: a) Table b) Query c) Validation test d) none of these 80. One purpose of a data manipulation language is to: a) Create data fields b) Define the record structure c) Create queries on the data d) all of these 81. All of these are examples of queries that you can create in Microsoft Access except: a) Action query b) Append query c) Make report query d) Update query e) Select query 82. All of these are examples of action queries that you can create in Microsoft Access except: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Delete query e) Validation query 83. You can increase the prices of selected products systematically using Microsoft?s: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Delete query e) Select query 84. You could append the term ?Jr.? to selected names in a customer database using Microsoft?s: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Select query e) none of these (this is not possible using an action query) 85. A school administrator wishes to select the names of all students who have taken at least 130 units of credit at your university to see if they qualify for graduation. Which of these is the best type of query to use for this task? a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Select query e) Make report query 86. A school administrator wishes to select the names of all students who live in a certain city. That city has exactly two zip codes in it. Which of these would be the best approach to use for this task? a) Perform two separate select queries, using only one zip code for each task b) Perform a single select query, placing the zip codes on the same Criteria line of the query c) Perform a single select query, placing the zip codes on separate Criteria lines of the query d) Perform a single, update query e) none of these (this is not possible using Microsoft Access) 87. Which of these is a desirable guideline to follow when creating queries with Microsoft Access? a) Spell accurately b) Don?t worry about capitalization c) Join each table at least twice to ensure their connectivity d) Name each query you create ?Query? 88. Which of these is an example of a data query language? a) ABC b) SQL c) DDL d) JPG 89. Which of these types of databases might also store instructions that indicate how to compute an employee?s net pay? a) Multidimensional database b) Hierarchical database c) Object oriented database d) Data dictionary 90. These databases can include graphics, audio, and animation: a) Multidimensional databases b) Hierarchical databases c) Subject-oriented databases d) Multimedia databases 91. OLAP stands for: a) Object Language for Access Programming b) Object Level Analytical Programming c) Online Analytical Processing d) none of these 92. An advantage of a multimedia database is that: a) They can store graphics and pictures as well as numeric data b) They are also object-oriented databases c) They allow users to upload pictures in web applications d) all of these are advantages 93. Sorting and Indexing database records are similar in that: a) Neither require underlying table records b) Both require the user to first define data validation rules c) Both reorganize the way record data appear in outputs d) none of these 94. Sorting records is unlike indexing records in that: a) Sorting physically rewrites records on disks whereas indexing does not b) Sorting requires a primary key whereas indexing does not c) Indexing requires a separate database file whereas sorting does not d) none of these 95. Which of these is true about finding data in multimedia databases? a) It is not possible to search them because graphics have no text keys for searching b) It is not possible to search them because audio objects have no text keys for searching c) It is possible to search for items in them because such characteristics as ?speaker? or ?subject? can be used as search parameters d) It is possible to search for items in them if the name of the embedded graphics or audio file is also known 96. A car parts inventory database that includes a picture of the part itself as a graphic would most likely be stored in which type of database? a) Multidimensional database b) Hierarchical database c) Object oriented database d) Data dictionary 97. All of these are characteristics of the data stored in a data warehouse except: a) Data are clean of errors b) Data are defined uniformly c) Data are stored in consistent formats d) Data are simplified, and thus cannot be used to answer complex questions 98. Organizations sometimes pool the historical data from various, separate organizational databases into a common body of information called a(n): a) Data pool b) Data warehouse c) Amazon database d) Franchise database 99. Another word for ?cleaning? the data in preparation for storing it in a data warehouse in order to ensure uniform accuracy is: a) Scrubbing b) Sanitizing c) Validating d) Coding 100. As a general rule, creating data warehouses is: a) Easy b) Habit forming c) Challenging but often worth the cost d) Challenging, and historically rarely worth the cost Short Answer Questions 101. What is the difference between a database and a database management system? 102. Why would an organization allow some users to only view a subschema of a database file instead of the schema?

Chapter 5 Organizing and Manipulating Data in Databases True-False Questions 1. Normalizing accounting data refers primarily to eliminating errors and outliers, thus creating \"normal data.\" 2. An important reason for normalizing data is to eliminate data redundancy. 3. A flat file is a database with no records. 4. There are exactly three normal forms. 5. Databases cannot store more than one value in the same data field of the same record. 6. A database is in first normal form if all of its record's data fields are well defined and the information can thus be stored as a flat file. 7. A database is in first normal form if the data it contains is free of errors and outliers. 8. A database is in second normal form if all of its records are in first normal form, and a second, duplicate record exists for each of them. 9. A database is in third normal form if all of its records are in second normal form, and there are no transitive dependencies. 10. An example of a transitive relationship in a parking-tickets application is the one between \"ticket code\" and \"fine amount.\" 11. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between \"medical procedure code\" and \"cost of treatment.\" 12. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between \"doctor number\" and \"doctor name.\" 13. An example of a transitive relationship in a medical application is the one between \"doctor number\" and \"patient name.\" 14. The letter \"M\" in the acronym DBMS stands for \"maintenance.\" 15. The letter \"M\" in the acronym DBMS stands for \"management.\" 16. A DBMS is a type of hardware. 17. A DBMS is a type of software. 18. DDL is an acronym for \"data definition language.\" TB 5.1 19. Databases are the same thing as database management systems. 20. A DBMS is an efficient database table in third normal form. 21. When purchasing a new database management system, managers should focus on the system's technological capabilities rather than its compatibility with current systems. 22. An example of a data type for a database record field is \"text.\" 23. An example of an input mask for an Access data field is \"000\\-00\\-0000.\" 24. Database designers typically store employee Social Security numbers as \"Long Integer\" data types. 25. DML stands for \"data management logic.\" 26. Database management systems allow their users to create \"input masks\" which help to prevent input errors. 27. A database schema is a plan of the entire database. 28. A database subschema is a plot that can often be discovered with forensic accounting. 29. SQL is an example of a database query language. 30. OLAP is notable for its \"drill-down capability.\" 31. Online analytical processing enables a computer system to display information that must be computed from the data stored in a database. 32. Pivot tables are powerful statistical tools, but allow the user little flexibility in selecting what data can be analyzed. 33. Object-oriented databases are used to archive older data that management no longer needs to process. 34. Multimedia databases have rendered traditional text databases useless. 35. It is not necessary for data to be \"clean\" or accurate if they are stored in a data warehouse. 36. If creating a data mart is not cost effective, management should consider creating a data warehouse, which typically uses less money and time to design. 37. Data warehouses are only used for analyzing current accounting data. 38. Using Microsoft Access, \"referential integrity\" enables you to delete a record on the \"one\" side of a one-to-many relationship. TB 5.2 39. Using MIcorsoft Access, you can delete a record from the \"many\" side of a oneto-many relationship, even if referential integrity is enforced. 40. A dynaset is the set of records that results from a query. 41. A dynaset is the total set of records in a database table. 42. Using Microsoft Access to create a select query with multiple criteria (all of which you want satisfied at the same time), you should specify them on the same Criteria line of the query. 43. Using Microsoft Access to create a select query with multiple criteria (all of which you want satisfied at the same time), you should specify them on separate Criteria lines of the query. 44. An OR operation (query) in Microsoft Access requires you to use multiple Criteria lines to create the query. 45. If you wish to create a select query with alternate criteria using Microsoft Access (e.g., you wish to see a list of all customers living in zip codes 12345 or 12366), you should specify them on separate Criteria lines of the query. 46. An update query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to increase the prices by ten percent for all those products starting with product code \"123.\" 47. An append query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to systematically add the term \"Jr.\" to individual names in a customer database. 48. A delete query in Microsoft Access is an example of an action query that enables you to delete all those records in a table satisfying specific criteria. 49. It is not necessary to spell accurately or correctly when creating queries in Microsoft Access because such matters as case or spelling are corrected automatically by the system's spell checker. 50. It is not possible to conduct multi-table queries using Microsoft Access because each table in the system is independent of the others. TB 5.3 Multiple-Choice Questions 51. The process of data normalization refers to: a) Eliminating data errors and other problems from \"normal data\" b) Scaling data to values between zero and one c) Storing data in normal storage media such as hard disks d) none of these 52. As described in the chapter, all of these are normalization \"forms\" except: a) First normal form b) Second normal form c) Third normal form d) all of these are normal forms 53. The reason why database designers normalize data is: a) To eliminate data errors b) To scale data properly c) To create backup copies of data d) To create efficient database tables 54. In the context of databases, the term data redundancy refers to: a) Storing the same information in several records b) Repeating data on multiple reports c) Using foreign keys which duplicate the values of primary keys d) all of these are possible examples of data redundancy 55. A database is in third normal form if it is second normal form and: a) It contains no data redundancies b) It contains no foreign keys c) It contains no transitive dependencies d) all of these 56. An example of a transitive dependency in a database is: a) Student grade b) Telephone area code phone number c) Airline flight number d) Parking Code parking fine amount 57. An example of a transitive dependency in a database is: a) Student university course number b) Parking ticket code total of student parking fines c) Product number product price d) Age social security number 58. A database management system is: a) A set of computer files b) A set of one or more computer programs c) A set of data to be processed by a computer TB 5.4 d) A manual accounting information system 59. Database management systems are important to accountants because: a) They automate file storage tasks and enable managers to generate worthwhile financial reports b) They eliminate data redundancy c) They are unique data structures which accountants have never used before d) They are easy to develop and therefore save money e) They are energy efficient 60. Database management systems can be implemented on: a) Mainframe computers only b) Mainframe and minicomputers only c) Mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers d) Microcomputers only 61. A disadvantage of database management systems is that: a) They are not flexible b) They cannot be implemented on microcomputers c) They rarely support file inquiries d) They are often machine dependent (e.g., not all DBMSs can run on all types of computers) 62. Which of these terms is synonymous with the term \"combo box?\" a) Collection box b) Textbox c) Criteria line d) Drop-down box 63. An advantage of using a drop-down box in an Access database is that: a) It helps users avoid input errors b) It provides an input mask for data entries c) It automatically screens numeric data for incorrect values d) all of these are correct 64. All of the following are advantages of drop-down boxes in Access except: a) It limits users to valid input choices b) It takes a small amount of room, even if the number of choices is large c) It always limits users to numeric entries d) The entries for the combo box can be stored in a separate table 65. You can instruct Access to display a particular error message if you use this property: a) Validation rule b) Validation text c) Validation message d) Validation error TB 5.5 66. If you want to require a data entry in an Access database to fall between two dates (rather than between two numeric values): a) You should use a select query using one line b) You should use a select query, using two lines c) You should use a validation rule and the word \"between\" d) This is impossible to require in Access 67. A database developer can require Access to display records in an ascending sequence using this data field property: a) Organize b) Index c) Reorganize d) Sequencing 68. A \"default value\" for an Access data field is: a) The value of last resort b) A value that Access will assume if the user does not enter one c) A value that Access will take from the last record entered into the system d) none of these 69. An advantage of defining a default value for an Access data field is that it: a) Assures that the data in all records will be exactly the same for that field b) Eliminates data redundancy c) Helps create subsequent queries on that field d) Saves typing, and probably errors 70. The purpose of an input mask is to: a) Disguise data when they are first input into a database b) Transform data from alphabetic to numeric formats c) Help users avoid data entry errors d) Hide sensitive data such as passwords onscreen 71. At the time that a user starts to input data into a database, an \"input mask\" for a telephone number in an Access database might look like: a) xxx-xxx-xxxx b) abc-def-ghij c) (___) ___-____ d) none of these 72. The value that a database will use if the user does not provide an alternate value is called a(n): a) Asset value b) Text value c) Control value d) Default value TB 5.6 73. To perform a range test of the \"hours worked\" data field for an employee, you should store the term \"Between 0 and 40\" in which of these properties in Access? a) Text b) Testing procedure c) Validation rule d) Validation text 74. To perform a range test on the hours worked data field in an Access database that requires the entry to be at least 0 and no more than 40, you should express this requirement as: a) At least 0; Not more than 40 b) 0<= X <= 40 c) Between 0 And 40 d) none of these 75. The purpose of using validation tests in the record definition of a database is to: a) Make sure the database works properly b) Avoid data entry errors c) Ensure normalized data d) Verify that the user is authorized to enter data in the database 76. In Access, a validation rule triggers at the time that: a) The user first enters data into the database b) The DBMS first uses the data in a report c) The user first requests the database to test data with a menu command d) The user powers up Access and loads that particular database 77. DML stands for: a) Distributed management logic b) Data management logic c) Data management language d) Data manipulation language 78. When Access links records to one another in different tables, the foreign key in one record refers to the _______ in another record. a) Primary key b) Secondary key c) Foreign key d) Linkage key 79. This tool enables a DBMS to extract only a subset of records from a database: a) Table b) Query c) Validation test d) none of these TB 5.7 80. One purpose of a data manipulation language is to: a) Create data fields b) Define the record structure c) Create queries on the data d) all of these 81. All of these are examples of queries that you can create in Microsoft Access except: a) Action query b) Append query c) Make report query d) Update query e) Select query 82. All of these are examples of action queries that you can create in Microsoft Access except: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Delete query e) Validation query 83. You can increase the prices of selected products systematically using Microsoft's: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Delete query e) Select query 84. You could append the term \"Jr.\" to selected names in a customer database using Microsoft's: a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Select query e) none of these (this is not possible using an action query) 85. A school administrator wishes to select the names of all students who have taken at least 130 units of credit at your university to see if they qualify for graduation. Which of these is the best type of query to use for this task? a) Append query b) Update query c) Make table query d) Select query e) Make report query TB 5.8 86. A school administrator wishes to select the names of all students who live in a certain city. That city has exactly two zip codes in it. Which of these would be the best approach to use for this task? a) Perform two separate select queries, using only one zip code for each task b) Perform a single select query, placing the zip codes on the same Criteria line of the query c) Perform a single select query, placing the zip codes on separate Criteria lines of the query d) Perform a single, update query e) none of these (this is not possible using Microsoft Access) 87. Which of these is a desirable guideline to follow when creating queries with Microsoft Access? a) b) c) d) 88. Spell accurately Don't worry about capitalization Join each table at least twice to ensure their connectivity Name each query you create \"Query\" Which of these is an example of a data query language? a) ABC b) SQL c) DDL d) JPG 89. Which of these types of databases might also store instructions that indicate how to compute an employee's net pay? a) Multidimensional database b) Hierarchical database c) Object oriented database d) Data dictionary 90. These databases can include graphics, audio, and animation: a) Multidimensional databases b) Hierarchical databases c) Subject-oriented databases d) Multimedia databases 91. OLAP stands for: a) Object Language for Access Programming b) Object Level Analytical Programming c) Online Analytical Processing d) none of these 92. An advantage of a multimedia database is that: a) They can store graphics and pictures as well as numeric data b) They are also object-oriented databases c) They allow users to upload pictures in web applications d) all of these are advantages TB 5.9 93. Sorting and Indexing database records are similar in that: a) Neither require underlying table records b) Both require the user to first define data validation rules c) Both reorganize the way record data appear in outputs d) none of these 94. Sorting records is unlike indexing records in that: a) Sorting physically rewrites records on disks whereas indexing does not b) Sorting requires a primary key whereas indexing does not c) Indexing requires a separate database file whereas sorting does not d) none of these 95. Which of these is true about finding data in multimedia databases? a) It is not possible to search them because graphics have no text keys for searching b) It is not possible to search them because audio objects have no text keys for searching c) It is possible to search for items in them because such characteristics as \"speaker\" or \"subject\" can be used as search parameters d) It is possible to search for items in them if the name of the embedded graphics or audio file is also known 96. A car parts inventory database that includes a picture of the part itself as a graphic would most likely be stored in which type of database? a) Multidimensional database b) Hierarchical database c) Object oriented database d) Data dictionary 97. All of these are characteristics of the data stored in a data warehouse except: a) Data are clean of errors b) Data are defined uniformly c) Data are stored in consistent formats d) Data are simplified, and thus cannot be used to answer complex questions 98. Organizations sometimes pool the historical data from various, separate organizational databases into a common body of information called a(n): a) Data pool b) Data warehouse c) Amazon database d) Franchise database 99. Another word for \"cleaning\" the data in preparation for storing it in a data warehouse in order to ensure uniform accuracy is: a) Scrubbing b) Sanitizing c) Validating d) Coding TB 5.10 100. As a general rule, creating data warehouses is: a) Easy b) Habit forming c) Challenging but often worth the cost d) Challenging, and historically rarely worth the cost Short Answer Questions 101. What is the difference between a database and a database management system? 102. Why would an organization allow some users to only view a subschema of a database file instead of the schema? TB 5.11