Two equal-sized newspapers have an overlap circulation of 10% (10% of the subscribers subscribe to both newspapers). Advertisers are willing to pay $8 to advertise in one newspaper but only $15 to advertise in both, because they're unwilling to pay twice to reach the same subscriber. Suppose the advertisers bargain by telling each newspaper that they're going to reach agreement with the other newspaper, whereby they pay the other newspaper $7 to advertise. According to the nonstrategic view of bargaining, each newspaper would earn $ of the $7 in value added by reaching an agreement with the advertisers. The total gain for the two newspapers from reaching an agreement is $ Suppose the two newspapers merge. As such, the advertisers can no longer bargain by telling each newspaper that they're going to reach agreement with the other newspaper. Thus, the total gains for the two parties (the advertisers and the merged newspapers) from reaching an agreement with the advertisers are $7. According to the nonstrategic view of bargaining, each merged newspaper will earn $ to the merged newspaper is in an agreement with the advertisers. This gain than the total gains to the individual newspapers pre-meger.