UEXIS: Claire, do you have a second to help me with my reading of Atherton's annual report? I've come across several unfamiliar terms, and I want to make sure that I'm interpreting the data and management's comments correctly. For example, one of the footnotes to the financal statements uses 'the book value of Atherton's shares, and then in another place, it uses "Economic Value Added." 1've never encountered those terms before. Do you know what they're talking about? C. AIRE: Yes, I do. Let's see if we can make these terms make sense by taiking through their meaning and their significance to investors. The term book value has several uses. It can refer to a single asset or the company as a whole. When referring to an individual asset, such as: a piece of equipment, book value refers to the asset's , odjusted for any accumulated depreciation or amortization expense. The value, or difference between the machine's historical cost and its accumulated depreciation expense, is called its book value. In contras, when the term refers to the entire company, it means the total value of the company's as reported in the firmis ALIXIS: That maken sense, So, what makes this value important to imyestors is that it is value that can change-but orily due to a couple of events, induding the payment of Lqually important, it of Treasury stock, the sale of new common or preferred shares, and the change in response to changes in the market prices of the firmis shares. C. Arif, Right So, how usefil would a hirm's bock value be for assessing the performance of Atherton's management? Aur Xis: Well, because Athentoris bonk value With changes in the matket price of the firm's shares, the firm's book value reflect manaoment's ettortor to masomire the sharehioljer wealth and therefore be used to evaluate management's berforinatice. thow, what about 'Econamic Value Added?? reflect management's efforts to maximize the shareholder wealth and therefore be used to evaluate management's performance: Now, what about "Economic Value Added"? CLAIRE: During the 1990s, the consulting firm Stern, Stewart \& Company developed the concept of Economic Value Added, or EVA, to better assess management's performance in maximizing their shareholders' wealth. Atherton's EVA cquals the additional profit created in excess of the after-tax operating income necessary to finance its total after-tax cost of copital, which is expressed in annual dollars. It is computed by subtracting Atherton's from its. In turn, Atherton's annual cost of capital is calculated by multiplying its total operating capital, which includes its net foxed assets and net onerating working capital, by the after tax percentage cost of capital. OK, given that description, here's a question for you: Compared to the book value, what is the advantage of using the EVA to evaluate the performance of Atherton's management? ALEXIS: Give me a second to think. .. OK, it's better to evaluate the performance of Atherton's management by using the company's EVA rather than the book value of its shareholders' equity because the better the managerial decisions being made, the the after-tax net operoting income earned, the the difference between this net operating income and the cost of capital needed to generate that income, and the the EVA, or trut economic profit, earned by the company: CIARE: Nicely donel Does this make your reading of Atherton's ansual report easier