UK Police Chiefs have warned that 'some protesters are using face coverings to conceal their identities, not only to intimidate the law-abiding majority but also to avoid criminal convictions'. The UK Home Secretary stated that 'Recent protests have seen a small minority dedicated to causing damage and intimidating the law-abiding majority'. To combat this, the UK Government are proposing new laws to crack down on public disorder. The Government argue that the new laws will make it clear that covering your face at a protest to conceal identity is not acceptable. Section 1, of the resulting new 'Criminal Justice Bill' provides for a complete ban on all head and face coverings in public spaces.

Advise the Government about the possible impact and lawfulness of Section 1 of the bill, should it become law. Your advice should focus on issues raised by Article 9 of the ECHR, and any related rights.