UMS, an elite private school in Texas, currently has an endowment of 1.7 billion dollars. The university has agreed to fund new academic initiatives over the next 10 years by taking a draw from the endowment at the end of each year, beginning one year from now (at the end of year 1). The university will calculate the amount of the draw using a formula based on the year-end value of the endowment. The table below summarizes how large a draw the university will take based on the endowments year-end value.

Assume the university has conservative investments with a mean annual (or one-year) return of 6% and a standard deviation of 5%, and assume future returns are normally distributed.

Based on a simulation model with N = 10,000 trials, answer the following questions:

5a. What is the average endowment balance at the end of year 10, immediately after taking any final year-ending draw?

Amount of Endowment (year-end) Draw (%) of Endowment 0 - $1,500,000,000 0% $1,500,000,000 - $2,000,000,000 1% $2,000,000,000 - $2,500,000,000 2% $2,500,000,000 - 3%