Under general American tort principles, which of the following is an example of a situation in which V may sue T for pure emotional harm in tort law (at least if V's emotional injuries are severe and

A. T drove a car carelessly and nearly killed V

D. T almost released a poisonous pollutant into V's house's water supply, but didn't, but V finds out about this several months later

C. T killed V's young child while the child was at summer camp, and it devastated V to learn about the injury back home two hours later

B. T criticized V's idea very harshly in a business meeting

Under general American tort principles, which of the following is an example of a situation in which V may sue T for pure emotional harm in tort law (at least if V's emotional injuries are severe and demonstrable)?

C. T is a taxi driver and is thirty minutes late in picking up V for an important meeting, causing V significant economic harm because of a missed business opportunity

A. T is a hospital taking care of V's father, and it negligently sends V an email incorrectly stating that V's father has died.

B. T is an electrician working on V's house, and while V is away, T nearly burns down the house, and V learns about this at the end of the day.

D. T is a city contractor working outside V's house and negligently blocks V's driveway for an hour, preventing V from leaving for work.

Under general American tort principles, which of the following is an example of a situation in which V may sue T for pure emotional harm in tort law (at least if V's emotional injuries are severe and demonstrable)?

D. T negligently kills V's spouse in a car accident while V is out of the country.

A. T is a hospital caring for V's mother. V's mother dies, and T negligently destroys the corpse

B. T is V's boss, and T fires her in breach of a one-year contract.

C. V is a customer-service representative for a large utility company, and T is a customer. On the phone, T yells at V and insults her.

Under general American tort principles, which of the following is an example of a situation in which V may sue T for economic harms that result from T's negligence?

D. T carelessly drives significantly under the speed limit on a one-way road, causing V to be late to an important business meeting.

B. T drives negligently and causes an accident, which closes a local road for two hours. V's restaurant, at the end of the road, loses business.

A. T physically injures V in a car accident, causing V to miss months of work.

C. T drives negligently and causes a accident, which closes a local road for two hours. V lives at the end of the road, cannot get to work that morning, and is fired.

Match each statement with the sort of harms that the statement addresses.An answer may be used multiple times (or not at all).

Many courts have said that if we permit these harms to be recoverable, we will invite fraud and there will be a flood of litigation, because the harms are difficult to discern and measure, and easy to fake.

Generally recoverable under modern law for people in the "zone of danger."

The "impact rule" used to be one limit on recovery for this type of harm.

Harms in this category must generally be severe in order to be recoverable at all.

Different rules govern intentionally and negligently inflicted emotional distress.

True

False

Courts tend to require that the plaintiff have been within a "zone of danger" when suing for emotional distress resulting from fear of physical danger.

True

False

Where a plaintiff experiences emotional distress by witnessing another person's injury, the courts do not require a close relationship between the plaintiff and the physical victim to establish a cause of action.

True

False

A plaintiff can recover for purely economic harms.

True

False

Duty and proximate causation are two doctrines used in evaluating the merits of negligent infliction of emotional distress cases.

True

False