Under the Meiji Restoration the new government, in a drive to industrialize, created state-owned enterprises for manufacturing and mining operations. These were run with a relatively high degree of efficiency and served as a training ground for managers and workers.

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Occupational and regional specialization increased in the Tokugawa Shogunate as the market economy expanded. Cottage industry flourished in the countryside, but the scarcity of land and the need to produce enough food for subsistence kept cities small.

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False

During the period of Japanese isolation up to 1850 the Shogun centralized tax collection so that the peasants paid taxes directly to the Shogun rather than to the daimyo.

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False

The status hierarchy was beginning to break down toward the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The forces of the market economy elevated some peasants to gentry status. Wealthy merchants married their daughters to hard-pressed noble samurai.

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False

The warlords Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu in a series of edicts separated the samurai from the land and from the peasants and turned them into a service aristocracy for the daimyo.

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Before the arrival of the Dutch in 1543, the samurai (warrior class) resided on their fiefs, collected taxes from their peasants, and could recruit their peasants into their armies. This was a period of incessant warfare among the daimyo and the samurai.

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False

From the beginning of European contact, the Japanese rulers were very suspicious of European foreigners and they strictly limited contact between foreigners and the native population.

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False

Britain was the technological leader in 1850. By 1913 technological leadership was spread among Britain, France, Germany, and the United States.

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False

The technologies of the (first) Industrial Revolution were in textiles, use of coal to smelt iron, the steam engine, and (after 1830) railroads and steam ships. The industries that emerged as important in the latter part of the 19^th century were automobile, electricity, petroleum, and chemicals.

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False