1. Union Pacific reports the following information in its 2016 annual report (in millions):

Millions	2016
Projected Benefit Obligation
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	3,958
Service cost		84
Interest cost		143
Actuarial loss/(gain)		124
Gross benefits paid		(199)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	$	4,110
Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	3,544
Actual return/(loss) on plan assets		279
Voluntary funded pension plan contributions		100
Non-qualified plan benefit contributions		24
Gross benefits paid		(199)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	3,748

a. How much retirement benefits did former employees receive during the year?

b. What rate did Union Pacific s pension assets actually earn during 2016?

c. What average rate did Union Pacific use to calculate interest cost during 2016