Use the supply and demand analysis of the market for reserves (with the graph), indicate what happens to the federal funds rate, borrowed reserves, and nonborrowed reserves, holding everything else constant, under the following situations.

1. The Fed reduces reserve requirements, and sterilizes this by conducting an open market sale of securities (notes: Maintaining the same federal funds rate).

2. The Fed raises the target federal funds rate.

3. The Fed raises the interest rate on reserves above the current equilibrium federal funds rate.

4. The Fed reduces reserve requirements.

Please provide graphs to explain the answer, thanks.