Use these two functions as models for the functions you are to write. You will be removing code from main() and putting it in several separate functions. The behavior of the program will not change throughout the exercise, so you can always tell if your program is correct.

Use the non-fruitful function drawRect as a model. Write another non-fruitful function that moves a turtle forward without drawing a line. The function is defined as

def skipForward(t, len): """ Moves the turtle t forward len units without drawing anything. """

and called with a statement like

skipForward(alex, 20)

The contents of the function are to lift the pen, move the turtle, then lower the pen.

Write another non-fruitful function skipTo, which is defined as

def skipTo(t, x, y): """ Moves the turtle t to coordinates (x,y) without drawing anything. """

and is called with

skipTo(alex, xpos, ypos)

Make sure to use the parameters x and y in the body of this function.

Next, you'll work with fruitful functions. Look at the function to calculate the next y-position for drawing a set of shapes. This function is called near the bottom of the program:

ypos = next_y_position(ypos, width)

Using this function as a model, add a fruitful function to calculate the perimeter of a rectangle. The function is defined with

def perimeter(len,wid): """ Returns the perimeter of rectangle with sides len and wid. """

and it is called with the statement

p = perimeter(length, width)

Make sure you use the parameters len and wid in the body of the function.

Again, using this function as a model, add a fruitful function to calculate the value math.sqrt(length*width/math.pi) which appears near the end of the program. The function should be defined as

def circ_rad(len, wid): """ Returns the radius of a circle with an area of len * wid """

Mimic the call from what you did in the previous step

Make sure that your main function is calling each of the non-fruitful functions at least twice.