use this code as a skeleton: $"""$

PROJECT HEADER GOES HERE

$"""$

import random

#DO NOT CHANGE THIS

random.seed$(10)$

NUM$\_$GENERATIONS $=200$

NUM$\_$POPULATION $=100$

PROBABILITY$\_$MUTATION $=0\mathrm{.}2$

PROBABILITY$\_$CROSSOVER $=0\mathrm{.}8$

ALPHABET $=$ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz $\text{'}$

BANNER $="""$

$**************************************************************$

Welcome to GeneticGuess Sentencer!

This program will attempt to guess a sentence that you input.

Simply input a sentence and the program will attempt to guess it$!$

$**************************************************************$

$"""$

INPUT $="$

Would you like to continue? $($y$/$n$)"$

$"$

Please input the sentence you would like the program to guess: $"$

$"$

Incorrect input. Please try again.

$"$

$"$

GeneticGuess results:"

"Generation: $"$

"I found the sentence early!"

$"$

Best Individual: $"$

$"$

Thank you for using GeneticGuess Sentencer!"

def fitness$($target$,$ individual$)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def five$\_$tournament$\_$selection$($population$,$ target$)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def make$\_$population$($target$)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def mutation$($individual$)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def single$\_$point$\_$crossover$($individual$1,$ individual$2)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def find$\_$best$\_$individual$($population$,$ target$)$:

$"""$

DOCSTRING

$"""$

pass

def main$()$:

pass

# These two lines allow this program to be imported into other codes

# such as our function tests code allowing other functions to be run

# and tested without 'main' running. However, when this program is

# run alone, 'main' will execute.

# DO NOT CHANGE THESE $2$ lines or Do NOT add code to them. Everything

# you add should be in the 'main' function above.

if $\_\_$name$\_\_==\text{'}\_\_$main$\_\_\text{'}$:

main$()$ also, You are not allowed to use advanced data structures such as lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries, Classes,

etc. Use of these prohibited concepts earns zero points for the whole project$\mathrm{.}5\mathrm{.}5$ Mutation

Mutation is exactly how it sounds $-$ sometimes genes randomly mutate and one piece of them will change.

In our case, we have a chance of this mutation occurring $($PROBABILITY$\_$MUTATION$).$ First, we iterate

through every character over our individual. Then, we randomly choose a number between $0$ and $1($using

random. random $()).$ If our value is less than or equal to PROBABILITY$\_$MUTATION, the letter will be

replaced by a randomly selected letter from the ALPHABET string $($use the random. choice $()$ similar to

make$\_$population$()$ function$).$ If the number is above the probability, then we will keep the letter.

$5\mathrm{.}6$ Crossover

Crossover is the same as breeding $-$ you take two individuals and cross them to create offspring $($new

individuals$).$ There are a ton of ways to do this, but we will do a single$-$point crossover. This type works by

first checking that crossover happens. Similar to above, we choose a random number using

random. random $()$ and make sure it is less than or equal to PROBAILITY$\_$CROSSOVER. If it is$,$ we can

do our crossover.

Next, we need a random point to crossover our strings $($Use random. randint $()).$ We want a number

between $1$ and the length of our individual. Then, we "cross" the strings at this point. The first half of the

visual is below, with the cross$-$point set to $3.$ The first half of individual $1$ and last half of individual $2$

makes up the new individual $1.$ The reverse happens for new individual $2,$ and both are returned.