Use truth tables to establish which of the statement forms are tautologies and which are contradictions.

$($a$)(p^{{?}^{?}}q)vv(pvv(p^{{?}^{?}}q))$

$($b$)(p^{{?}^{?}}q{)}^{{?}^{?}}(pvvq)$

$($c$)((p^{{?}^{?}}q{)}^{{?}^{?}}(q^{{?}^{?}}r))vvq$