Question
Using the Texas Instruments Inc. 2015 annual report and financial statements , define economic value and explain how an adjusted book value approach to valuing
Using the Texas Instruments Inc. 2015 annual report and financial statements , define economic value and explain how an adjusted book value approach to valuing assets and liabilities moves book value nearer to economic value. You are required to provide a written response which highlights four specific elements in Texas Instruments balance sheet that might need to be adjusted to arrive at an economic value.
For each element, explain the type of adjustment and the type of information that might be required before an adjustment could be made to arrive at an economic value for Texas Instruments at its 2015 financial year-end.
b.Calculate the following market multiple ratios for Texas Instruments Inc. at its 2015 financial year-end:
i.EV/EBITDA
ii.Price-to-earnings ratio (PE ratio)
iii.Price-to-cash-flow ratio
iv.Contrast and explain the results of the different market multiple ratios that you calculated. Evaluate the usefulness of market multiple ratios in company valuation.
Consolidated Statements of Income
For Years Ended December 31,
2015 2014 2013
(Millions of dollars, except share and per-share amounts)
Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 13,000 $ 13,045 $ 12,205
Cost of revenue (COR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,440 5,618 5,841
Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,560 7,427 6,364
Research and development (R&D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,280 1,358 1,522
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 1,843 1,858
Acquisition charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 330 341
Restructuring charges/other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71) (51) (189)
Operating profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,274 3,947 2,832
Other income (expense), net (OI&E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 21 17
Interest and debt expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 94 95
Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,216 3,874 2,754
Provision for income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,230 1,053 592
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,986 $ 2,821 $ 2,162
Earnings per common share (EPS):
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2.86 $ 2.61 $ 1.94
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2.82 $ 2.57 $ 1.91
Average shares outstanding (millions):
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,030 1,065 1,098
Diluted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,043 1,080 1,113
Cash dividends declared per common share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1.40 $ 1.24 $ 1.07
As a result of accounting rule ASC 260, which requires a portion of Net income to be allocated to unvested restricted stock units
(RSUs) on which we pay dividend equivalents, diluted EPS is calculated using the following:
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,986 $ 2,821 $ 2,162
Income allocated to RSUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (42) (43) (36)
Income allocated to common stock for diluted EPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,944 $ 2,778 $ 2,126
See accompanying notes.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 2015 FORM 10-K 27
FORM 10-K
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For Years Ended December 31,
2015 2014 2013
(Millions of dollars)
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,986 $ 2,821 $ 2,162
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net actuarial gains (losses) of defined benefit plans:
Adjustment, net of tax benefit (expense) of $36, $25 and ($60) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (74) (46) 105
Recognized within Net income, net of tax benefit (expense) of ($25), ($21) and ($37) . . . . 53 42 71
Prior service (cost) credit of defined benefit plans:
Adjustment, net of tax benefit (expense) of ($11), $0 and $1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (1) (3)
Recognized within Net income, net of tax benefit (expense) of $0, $0 and $2 . . . . . . . . . . (3)
Derivative instruments:
Recognized within Net income, net of tax benefit (expense) of ($1), ($1) and ($1) . . . . . . . 1 1 1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4) 171
Total comprehensive income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,986 $ 2,817 $ 2,333
See accompanying notes.
28 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 2015 FORM 10-K
FORM 10-K
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31,
2015 2014
(Millions of dollars, except share amounts)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,000 $ 1,199
Short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,218 2,342
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of ($7) and ($12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,165 1,246
Raw materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 101
Work in process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846 896
Finished goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 787
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,691 1,784
Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 850
Total current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,074 7,421
Property, plant and equipment at cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,465 6,266
Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,869) (3,426)
Property, plant and equipment, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,596 2,840
Long-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 224
Goodwill, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,362 4,362
Acquisition-related intangibles, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,583 1,902
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 180
Capitalized software licenses, net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 83
Overfunded retirement plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 127
Other assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 233
Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16,230 $ 17,372
Liabilities and stockholders equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,000 $ 1,001
Accounts payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 437
Accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 651
Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 71
Accrued expenses and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 498
Total current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,555 2,658
Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,120 3,630
Underfunded retirement plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 225
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 64
Deferred credits and other liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 405
Total liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,284 6,982
Stockholders equity:
Preferred stock, $25 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares
Participating cumulative preferred. None issued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common stock, $1 par value. Authorized 2,400,000,000 shares
Shares issued 1,740,815,939 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,741 1,741
Paid-in capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,629 1,368
Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,176 29,653
Treasury common stock at cost
Shares: 2015 729,547,527; 2014 694,189,127 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24,068) (21,840)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (AOCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (532) (532)
Total stockholders equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,946 10,390
Total liabilities and stockholders equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 16,230 $ 17,372
See accompanying notes.
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 2015 FORM 10-K 29
FORM 10-K
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For Years Ended December 31,
2015 2014 2013
(Millions of dollars)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,986 $ 2,821 $ 2,162
Adjustments to Net income:
Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 850 879
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 321 336
Amortization of capitalized software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 59 82
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 277 287
Gains on sales of assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (85) (73) (6)
Deferred income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55) (61) 50
Increase (decrease) from changes in:
Accounts receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (49) 16
Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 (53) 26
Prepaid expenses and other current assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 65 (136)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (188) (194) (284)
Accrued compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 89 18
Income taxes payable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (81) 78
Changes in funded status of retirement plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23) (58) 28
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68) (21) (152)
Cash flows from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,268 3,892 3,384
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (551) (385) (412)
Proceeds from asset sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 142 21
Purchases of short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,767) (3,107) (3,907)
Proceeds from short-term investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,892 2,966 4,249
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7 46
Cash flows from investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (302) (377) (3)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 498 986
Repayment of debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,000) (1,000) (1,500)
Dividends paid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,444) (1,323) (1,175)
Stock repurchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,741) (2,831) (2,868)
Proceeds from common stock transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 616 1,314
Excess tax benefit from share-based payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 100 80
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3) (3) (7)
Cash flows from financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4,165) (3,943) (3,170)
Net change in Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (199) (428) 211
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,199 1,627 1,416
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,000 $ 1,199 $ 1,627
See accompanying notes.
30 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 2015 FORM 10-K
FORM 10-K
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders Equity
Common
Stock
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Common
Stock AOCI
(Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts)
Balance, December 31, 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,741 $ 1,176 $ 27,205 $ (18,462) $ (699)
2013
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,162
Dividends declared and paid ($1.07 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,175)
Common stock issued for stock-based awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (273) 1,540
Stock repurchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,868)
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Tax impact from exercise of options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Dividend equivalents paid on restricted stock units . . . . . . . . . . . . . (19)
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
Balance, December 31, 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,741 1,211 28,173 (19,790) (528)
2014
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,821
Dividends declared and paid ($1.24 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,323)
Common stock issued for stock-based awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (226) 781
Stock repurchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,831)
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Tax impact from exercise of options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
Dividend equivalents paid on restricted stock units . . . . . . . . . . . . . (18)
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
Balance, December 31, 2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,741 1,368 29,653 (21,840) (532)
2015
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,986
Dividends declared and paid ($1.40 per share) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,444)
Common stock issued for stock-based awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . (116) 513
Stock repurchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2,741)
Stock-based compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Tax impact from exercise of options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividend equivalents paid on restricted stock units . . . . . . . . . . (19)
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Balance, December 31, 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,741 $ 1,629 $ 31,176 $ (24,068) $ (532)
Table 6. Share price of Texas Instruments This table shows share prices of Texas Instruments (TXN) in US dollars. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Date | Price | Date | Price | Date | Price
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Table 4. Equity betas for Texas Instruments The coefficients shown in this table are estimated betas from regressions of weekly stock returns of Texas Instruments on returns of three major U.S. stock market indices. Unadjusted betas are the beta coefficients from these regressions. Adjusted betas are derived from raw betas according to the Bloomberg adjustment formula: adjusted beta = 1/3 + 2/3 unadjusted beta. Betas are shown for two and five-year periods ending on 31 December 2015. | |||
Betas | Nasdaq 100 | DJIA | S&P500 |
Unadjusted | |||
Five years | 1.049 | 1.201 | 1.188 |
Two years | 1.058 | 1.265 | 1.302 |
Bloomberg-adjusted | |||
Five years | 1.032 | 1.134 | 1.125 |
Two years | 1.038 | 1.177 | 1.201 |
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