Utility in economics refers to the satisfaction a consumer gains from consuming a good or service, reflecting their happiness or well$-$being. Measuring utility is challenging due to its subjective nature, varying among individuals. Approaches include surveys gauging willingness to pay and observing consumer choices. Utility maximization is a complex topic with various theories on decision$-$making, commonly assuming rational actors seeking maximum happiness. However, evidence suggests occasional deviations from rationality, emphasizing the nuanced nature of utility analysis in understanding decision$-$making and market dynamics.