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The prevalence of very low food security in 2019 (4.1 percent) was not significantly different from the prevalence in 2018 (4.3 percent). The 2019 very low food security prevalence of 4.1 percent was significantly lower than the 2017 prevalence of 4.5 percent. Statistically significant year-to-year declines in very low food security occurred from 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017. The prevalence of very low food security was essentially unchanged from 2011 (5.7 percent) through 2014. The prevalence of very low food security was also 5.7 percent in 2008 and 2009. Prior to 2008, the prevalence of very low food security increased from 3.3 percent in 2001 to 3.9 percent in 2004 and remained essentially unchanged through 2007 (4.1 percent).CKJDSKSLK

The year-to-year deviations from a consistent downward trend between 1995 and 2000 include a substantial 2-year cycle that is believed to result from seasonal effects on food security prevalence rates. The CPS food security surveys over this period were conducted in April in odd-numbered years and August or September in even-numbered years. Measured prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the August/September collections, suggesting a seasonal-response effect. In 2001 and later years, the surveys were conducted in early December, which avoids seasonal effects in interpreting annual changes.

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State-Level Prevalence of Food Insecurity

Prevalence rates of food insecurity varied considerably from State to State. Data for 3 years, 2017-19, were combined to provide more reliable statistics at the State level. Estimated prevalence rates of food insecurity during this 3-year period ranged from 6.6 percent in New Hampshire to 15.7 percent in Mississippi; estimated prevalence rates of very low food security ranged from 2.6 percent in New Hampshire to 7.0 percent in Louisiana.QThe prevalence of very low food security in 2019 (4.1 percent) was not significantly different from the prevalence in 2018 (4.3 percent). The 2019 very low food security prevalence of 4.1 percent was significantly lower than the 2017 prevalence of 4.5 percent. Statistically significant year-to-year declines in very low food security occurred from 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017. The prevalence of very low food security was essentially unchanged from 2011 (5.7 percent) through 2014. The prevalence of very low food security was also 5.7 percent in 2008 and 2009. Prior to 2008, the prevalence of very low food security increased from 3.3 percent in 2001 to 3.9 percent in 2004 and remained essentially unchanged through 2007 (4.1 percent).

The year-to-year deviations from a consistent downward trend between 1995 and 2000 include a substantial 2-year cycle that is believed to result from seasonal effects on food security prevalence rates. The CPS food security surveys over this period were conducted in April in odd-numbered years and August or September in even-numbered years. Measured prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the August/September collections, suggesting a seasonal-response effect. In 2001 and later years, the surveys were conducted in early December, which avoids seasonal effects in interpreting annual changes.

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State-Level Prevalence of Food Insecurity

Prevalence rates of food insecurity varied considerably from State to State. Data for 3 years, 2017-19, were combined to provide more reliable statistics at the State level. Estimated prevalence rates of food insecurity during this 3-year period ranged from 6.6 percent in New Hampshire to 15.7 percent in Mississippi; estimated prevalence rates of very low food security ranged from 2.6 percent in New Hampshire to 7.0 percent in Louisiana

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Q.UESTION 20.

1.Suppose a country produces four goods: rice, cloth, cement and cars. The production of the four commodities in the year 2013- 14 was 1000 units, 5000 units, 2000 units and 500 units respectively. The per unit price of the four commodities is SR 10, SR 20, SR 50 , and SR 2,00,000 respectively. Find out the GDP at market prices.

2.Suppose the gross domestic product at market prices of Saudi Arabia in 2012- 13 was SR 85,000 crores and net factor income from abroad was (-) SR 430 crores. Calculate GNPMP.

3.Suppose we are provided with the following information: (i) GNPMP = SR 35,800 Crores (ii) Consumption of fixed capital = SR 1,670 Find out Net National Product at market price.

4.Given the following data, calculate net domestic product at market prices: (i) Gross National Product at market prices = SR 85,000 Crores; (ii) Consumption of fixed capital = SR 3,000 Crores (iii) Net factor income from abroad = SR 2,000 Crores.

5.Given the following information, calculate net domestic product at factor cost: (i) Net domestic product at market prices = SR 25,000 Crores (ii) Indirect taxes = SR 1500 Crores (iii) Subsidies = SR 500 Crores.

6.: Given the following information about an economy, calculate net domestic product at factor cost: (i) Gross domestic product at market prices = SR 12000 Crores (ii) Consumption of fixed capital = SR 1500 Crores (iii) Subsidies = SR 300 Crores (iv) Indirect taxes = SR 1000.

7.Given the following data, calculate GDPFC: (i) Net domestic product at factor cost = SR 25000 Cr (ii) Consumption of fixed capital = SR 3000 Cr

8.Given the followiUICKSDUKJDJSng information, calculate GDPFC: (i) NNPMP = SR 3200 Cr (ii) NFIA = SR 200 Cr (iii) Consumption of fixed capital = SR 1000 Cr (iv) Indirect taxes = SR 500 Cr (v) Subsidies = SR 300 Cr