Vernon Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.40
Materials cost		8.40
Labor cost		3.90
Overhead cost		5.80
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.20
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	131,000
Selling, general, and administrative		44,000

Assume that Vernon actually produced and sold 25,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Actual price and variable costs
Sales price	$	35.40
Materials cost		8.60
Labor cost		3.80
Overhead cost		5.85
Selling, general, and administrative costs		6.00
Actual fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	116,000
Selling, general, and administrative		50,000

Required

a. & b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)