Vernon Publications established the following standard price and costs for a hardcover picture book that the company produces.

Standard price and variable costs
Sales price	$	36.70
Materials cost		8.90
Labor cost		4.30
Overhead cost		5.60
Selling, general, and administrative costs		7.10
Planned fixed costs
Manufacturing overhead	$	134,000
Selling, general, and administrative		54,000

Assume that Vernon actually produced and sold 31,000 books. The actual sales price and costs incurred follow:

Required a. \& b. Determine the flexible budget variances and also indicate the effect of each variance by selecting favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). (Select "None" if there is no effect (i.e., zero variance).)