Vesuvius Plastic Company manufactures plastic buckets. A unit of production is a box of 4 buckets. The following standards have been set by the Production engineering staff and the factory accountant:

Direct material Direct labour

Quantity: 4 kilogram Quantity: 0.25 hours

Price: $0.80 per kilogram Rate: $20 per hour

Actual material purchases amounted to 240,000 kilograms at $0.81 per kilogram. Actual costs incurred in the production of 50,000 units were as follows:

Direct material $170,100 for 210,000 kilograms

Direct labour $273,000 for 13,000 hours

Required

Use the variance formulas to calculate the direct material price and quantity variances and the direct labour rate and efficiency (quantity) variances. Indicate whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable.