Vhat is the threat of substitute products or services?

high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entr barriers to joining a market

the ability of buyers to affect the price they must pay for an item

the suppliers' ability to influence the prices they charge for supplies $($including materials, labor, an services$)$

high when there are many alternatives to a product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose