Victims and Victimology- Module 9 Comprehension Assignment

1. Damages that may be sought in wrongful death cases include the loss of

a. companionship.

b. sexual intercourse.

c. moral guidance.

d. All of the above

2. When a person is held against his or her wishes through threats of harm to family members, the tort of _____ has been committed.

a. assault

b. battery

c. false imprisonment

d. kidnapping

3. The tort of mental distress does not require _____ in order to be met.

a. intentional or reckless infliction

b. extreme or outrageous conduct

c. severe emotional or mental distress

d. physical harm or injury

4. The concept of self-defense includes the components of ____ and necessity.

a. proportionality

b. self-reliance

c. mental stamina

d. All of the above

5. A female gives consent for a male partner to kiss and hug her, but refuses to have sex with the man. The male partner becomes excited and has forced intercourse with her. This is an example of

a. lack of capacity to consent.

b. exceeding the scope of consent.

c. duress causing consent.

d. necessity.

6. A prison guard places an inmate known to be dangerous and intolerant of younger inmates in a cell with a younger man, resulting in the dangerous inmate attacking the other and severely beating him. This is an example of the theory of ____ under 18 U.S. Code 1983.

a. denial of equal protection

b. failure to act

c. failure to protect

d. failure to supervise

7. Title III of the Violence Against Women Act of 2005 addresses

a. safe homes for women.

b. safe streets for women.

c. civil rights for women.

d. safe campuses for women.

8. The major goal of Title III of the Violence Against Women Act of 2005 provides that

a. domestic violence against a woman is neither a private or a family matter.

b. gender-motivated violence is treated the same as other bias-motivated crimes.

c. there is a federal remedy for victims of gender-based violence.

d. All of the above

9. A(n) ____ is a restraining or protective order issued by the court that prohibits the offender from having any contact with the victim.

a. injunction

b. writ of habeas corpus

c. complaint

d. writ of abuse

10. Two common forms of defense raised in a civil rights case are _____ immunity and absolute immunity.

a. sanctified

b. qualified

c. pastoral

d. None of the above

11. The concept of _____ immunity involves a determination that there is no liability for any damages that are a result of the actor's conduct.

a. sanctified

b. qualified

c. pastoral

d. absolute

12. The concept of _____ immunity is to provide for a decision making process that is free of fear of reprisals.

a. sanctified

b. qualified

c. pastoral

d. absolute

13. When an official commits an unauthorized, unlawful act in which the pretense of authority under which the officer acted furthered or assisted the official in violating a person's constitutional rights in any way, the action is said to be

a. protected action.

b. under the color of law.

c. covert activity.

d. constitutionally protected.

14. The U.S. Supreme Court addressed the scope of the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 in the case of _______ when it interpreted the phrase "under color of state law."

a. United States v. Classic

b. Screws v. United States

c. Monroe v. Pape

d. United States v. Treat

15. In 1961 the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of _____ established the framework for future use of Section 1983 by victims of illegal government activity.

a. United States v. Classic

b. Screws v. United States

c. Monroe v. Pape

d. United States v. Treat

16. Lack of ___________ to consent occurs when for a variety of reasons the victim, as a matter of law, is unable to give consent.

17. There is a right to use _____________ to defend both real and personal property.

18. Exceeding the _____________of consent occurs when the victim gives actual consent to certain acts, but the other party goes substantially beyond the consent.

19. Acts committed by persons under authority of _______________ generally are considered to be a valid defense.

20. The great majority of all victim-related issues occur in the area of ____________ law.

21. A ___________ may be based on negligence or on intentional acts.

22. The doctrine of ___________ intent holds that so long as the tortfeasor had the necessary intent to act in a certain manner toward one person, he will be held liable for torts committed against any other person who happens to be injured.

23. __________ damages are token damages, for example, $1.00.

24. The term _________ simply means someone was careless or slipshod in performing some act.

25. __________ declared that all persons born in the United States are citizens regardless of race or prior conditions of servitude.

26. In response to continuing violence against blacks, Congress enacted the ______ _____ _____ Act of 1871.

27. The U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the phrase "under color of state law" in its decision of ______.

28. In 1961, the Supreme Court decided __________and established the framework for future use of Section 1983 by those who were victims of illegal governmental activity.

29. In _________, the plaintiffs were a class of female employees who alleged that the board of education of the city of New York and the New York Department of Social Services were forcing pregnant employees to take unpaid leaves of absence before those leaves were medically necessary.

30. In certain situations, local agencies may be liable for injuries to citizens that have occurred because of the agencies' _________ to act.

31. The Supreme Court has held that municipalities can be held liable under Section 1983 for failure to __________ their police officers.

32. In Dewell v. Lawson, the chief of police was held liable for failing to establish procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of _____ _______.

33. The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 contains one of the crime bill's largest crime prevention programs that attempt to respond to the national problem of ______ ________violence.

34. ___________ immunity is a complete shield in a lawsuit and involves a determination that there is no liability for any damages that the victim may have suffered as a result of the actor's conduct.