Viscosity: Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is expressed in centipoise (cP). Petroleum with low viscosity (closer to 0.3 cP) flows more easily, making it easier to extract and transport. High viscosity (up to 10,000 cP) can indicate heavier oils, which are more challenging to pump and process. Viscosity affects the design of pipelines and the energy required for transportation