VitalAid Inc. manufactures a vacuum-sealed high-protein food supplement that it sells to food aid organizations around the world. The company uses variable costing in conjunction with a standard costing system and has established the following standards for one package of VitalAid bars: Standard Standard Price or Standard Quantity or Rate Cost Hours 350 grams $12.00 per kg Direct materials 4.20 0.25 hours $13.00 per hour Direct labour 3.25 Variable manufacturing overhead 0.25 hours 1.60 per hour 0.80 Total standard variable cost 8.25 During October, the company recorded the following activity relative to production of VitalAid: a. The company produced 4,000 packages during October. b. A total of 1,800 kilograms of material was purchased at a cost of $19,800. c. There was no beginning inventory of materials; however, at the end of the month, 300 kilograms of material remained in ending inventory. d. The company employs 5 people to work on the production of VitalAid. During October, each employee worked an average of 185 hours at an average rate of $14.00 per hour. e. Variable manufacturing overhead is assigned to VitalAid on the basis of direct labour-hours. Variable manufacturing overhead costs during October totalled $1,850. The company's management is anxious to determine the efficiency of the VitalAid production activities Required 1. For direct materials used in the production of VitalAid: a. Compute the price and quantity variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).) Materials price variance Materials quantity variance