Water is to be pumped from the Umgeni River up to a new open$-$air reservoir near Inchanga. The length of the water pipeline is about $\frac{1}{2}$ a mile, and it rises from an altitude of $415m$ above sea level to a height of $585m$ above sea level. The Umgeni River flows at about $6k\frac{m}{h}$ into the inlet pipe, and the discharge velocity into the reservoir is about $3\frac{m}{s}.$ The outlet diameter of the pipeline at the reservoir is about $600mm.$ The pump has an efficiency of $55\%.$ This setup is shown below:

Answer the following questions:

$1\mathrm{.}1.$ Estimate the kinetic energy change of the water across the pipeline in W$/$kg$.$

$1\mathrm{.}2.$ Calculate the power that must be supplied to the pump $($in $kW)$ during summer when the air temperature is $35$@$.$

$1\mathrm{.}3.$ It is expected that this reservoir can be emptied back into the river in an emergency to alleviate load shedding, by passing the water through a turbine to generate electricity. Calculate the maximum power that can be generated using this scheme $($in $\frac{W}{k}g)$ if the water trickles slowly back into the river. You may assume the inlet velocity is zero for this analysis.

$1\mathrm{.}4.$ Will the pumping requirements change in winter, provided all fluid velocities remain constant? Explain briefly.