Welcome! Please read this page (in particular) very carefully. Instructions You need to understand how to send your assignments (deliverables) to your instructor. The tabs (bottom of each sheet) in this document contain all of the deliverables expected of you. If you need help along the way, look for these special cells that have a red indicator in the corner. It looks like the "Read me" box to the right: Read me Simply slide your cursor over the red-cornered cell and you will get more information. The format for all of the deliverables is the same: The 'objective' is in black font. It describes what you are doing the particular deliverable. The next segment is in green font. These are your instructions. The blue font is the data (where applicable) that you will need to complete the deliverable. Software We are using Excel software for the projects. You may use other software to complete your projects, but please 'report' your answers in the Excel format described below. You may complete your assignments with any version of Excel software. All assignments can easily be completed with a basic copy of Excel. There is also an Add-In feature which is available for Excel that can be helpful, although it is not required. The Add-In feature comes free with each Excel package, although it may not be currently loaded into your copy of Excel. Following are the simple instruction for loading the Excel Add-ins for both Excel 2003 and Excel 2007. (Slide your cursor over the red-cornered cells to read) Excel 2003 Excel Novice - Please read Excel 2007 Project Timeline Follow the submission scheduled posted on the Main Discussion Board!! Remember that the entire project must be 100% correct and complete by no later than midnight EST one week (7 days) BEFORE the last day of class. Deliverables include: Project charter (target week 3 or sooner) Baseline sigma (week 4 or sooner) SIPOC (week 5 or sooner) Pareto chart (week 6 or sooner) Expected Variation (week 7 or sooner) Stem & leaf (week 8 or sooner) Scatter diagram (week 10 or sooner) DOE (week 11 or sooner) Control chart (XmR) ( week 12 or sooner) Pp Ppk (week 13 or sooner) How to submit an Assignment In response to customers like you, we have added a peach-colored box for each deliverable. We have done this to make it clear (and consistent) the areas of the project that will be reviewed to your instructor. Project: Deliverable: Student last name: Healthcare Project Improve phase - gen. sol. Johnson What is the control chart telling you? There is a point out of control at subgroup #15. I would try to figure out why that happened. We would also recalculate the control limits because there is evidence the process has changed. What is the average of subgroup 1? What is the average of subgroup 2? What is the average of subgroup 3? What is the average of subgroup 4? What is the average of subgroup 5? What is the average of subgroup 6? What is the average of subgroup 7? What is the average of subgroup 8? 22 34 23 22 25 23 29 27 Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - ASSIGNMENT NAME - PROJECT NAME" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. VERY IMPORTANT!! Be sure to submit your assignments for grading as you complete each one and following the submission scheduled posted on the message board - DO NOT WAIT UNTIL THE END OF THE COURSE TO SEND THEM ALL IN. NOTE THAT THE ENTIRE PROJECT MUST BE 100% CORRECT BY ONE WEEK BEFORE THE END OF CLASS OR YOU WILL FAIL THE PROJECT AND THE COURSE. This means that you must submit ALL of your assignments far enough in advance of the project completion deadline to allow time for all necessary corrections to be made. Following the submission schedule is the best way to ensure that you have enough time to finish the project by the completion deadline - failure to meet the submission due dates can result in failing the course. Very few assignments are correct on the first submission and many require multiple rework attempts, so don't procrastinate! This spreadsheet tab provides illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS capability to your Excel software. If you see Data Analysis already listed under the Tools tab, you are set. If you do not see Data Analysis follow the instructions in the Green tab. Excel 2003 instructions Excel 2003 or earlier versions of Excel example This spreadsheet tab provides illustrations of adding the DATA ANALYSIS capability to your 2007 Excel software. If you see Data Analysis already listed under the DATA tab, you are set. If you do not see Data Analysis follow the instructions in the Green tab. Excel 2007 instructions Excel 2007 example Healthcare Project A recent report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicates that over the past decade trips to emergency departments (ED) rose 20 percent, while the number of available emergency centers fell by 15 percent. Another study from the American Hospital Association indicated that 62 percent of hospitals feel they are at, or over operating capacity. That number jumps to 90 percent when considering Level 1 Trauma Centers and larger (300+ beds) hospitals. These statistics are frighteningly familiar to many hospitals and patients. The pressures are mounting, and a faltering economy has swelled the ranks of uninsured -- people who often rely on the local ED for primary care. Countless emergency departments are literally on life support as they try to cope with capacity issues and workforce shortages. Preparing for or responding to emerging threats such as bioterrorism and SARS only increases the strain on the system. In hospitals across the U.S., EDs face a similar story of delays and dissatisfaction...from both patients and clinicians. Not all the news is bad, however. Some hospitals are finding new ways to overcome the challenges and create safer, more efficient environments. Through a combination of Six Sigma and Lean, hospitals are targeting critical aspects of patient flow, patient access, service-cycle time, and admission/discharge processes. A growing number of hospitals are taking steps to identify and remove bottlenecks or inefficiencies in the system. As a result, they are seeing a positive impact on patients, staff, and the bottom line. By using the principles you have learned in the Six Sigma Black Belt course we want to decrease 'door to doctor time' in our ER to hopefully reduce the number of people who get tired of waiting and leave without treatment. In fact, last year of the 43,800 patients awaiting treatment, 6.3% left without treatment--essentially because they were dissatisfied with the wait time. The nation's emergency care network must remain strong -- not only to maintain its ability to serve basic community needs, but also to ensure it will have the necessary capacity and processes in place to respond quickly during a crisis. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course Objective: A problem statement needs to be developed. There needs to be a business case so that management will buy-in to having the team working on the project. The scope of the project also needs to be decided upon. This is important to ensure a likely successful completion. If the scope is too broad, a success may not be realized for years, or may not happen at all. Instructions for you: Create a project charter based "Create a charter?" upon the information in the introduction. (see "The project" tab) In reality, you would fill in a charter with team members' names, stake holders, etc. We are not interested in those details for this simulation, but we do want to see what you come up with for four (4) items: Problem statement, business case, goal and project scope. How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 3 or earlier Project: Deliverable: Student last name: Healthcare 2015 Project charter Flemings What is the business case? (Use no more than 2 sentences.) Emergency departments (ED) across the U.S. are plagued with strained capcity, among other things. Leading to extremely long wait times, which lead to patient walkouts, patient dissatisfaction and the potential for compromised medical care. What is the problem statement? (Use no more than 2 sentences.) Last year of the 43,800 patients awaiting treatment, 6.3% left without treatment because of the long wait times. What is the goal statement? (Use one sentence.) The primary goal is to improve "door to door time" in our emergency room to hopefully reduce the number of people who get tired of waiting and leave without treatment. What is your project scope? (This is not your goal statement! Use one sentence.) The project will commence December 1, 2016 and meet all objectives by March 10, 2017. Included in this scope is the time from patient entry to the ED and ends when patient is officially discharged by the physician. Outside the scope are patients admitted due to severity of illness. "Business Case?" "Problem Statement" "Goal Statement" "The project scope?" Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Charter" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: We want to view the process from a high level in order to see the major process elements. SIPOC - Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers Instructions for you: Create a SIPOC map of the process based upon the healthcare case study write-up (found at "The project" tab). Feel free to use your imagination in doing this piece of the project. Draw upon your own experience from visiting an Emergency Department to come up with the 'suppliers', 'inputs', 'process', 'outputs', and 'customers.' Note: Normally the SIPOC map is constructed horizontally. When mailing this deliverable to your instructor, it formats better vertically. How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 4 or earlier Project: Deliverable: Student last name: Healthcare 2015 SIPOC Flemings Suppliers: (At least 3) Patient Registration Clerk ED Nurse ED Doctor Inputs: (At least 3) Patient Symptoms Medical Information/History Insurance Data Process Step 1: Process Step 2: Process Step 3: Process Step 4: Process Step 5: Process Step 6: Document Patient Arrival to ED Register Patient Assign Physician/Room Physician Examination Physician Treats Patient Physician Discharges Patient Outputs: (At least 3) Discharge Documents/Instructions Prescription(s) Document Patient Departure Customers: (At least 3) Patient ED Doctor ED Nurse Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - SIPOC" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: Your boss wants to know the limits of expected variation. You know there is another shipment coming in next week and based upon this week's run, and assuming that the process is normally distributed, you can calculate/predict the limits of expected variation by calculating the mean and standard deviation for this data and then using the properties of the normal distribution to estimate the limits of the expected variation. Expected variation Instructions for you: 1. Calculate the average for each. 2. Calculate the standard deviation for each. 3. From these calculations, determine the range of expected variation. You can complete this assignment by hand as taught in the lecture, or you can use Excel, or you may use a calculator or other software. We explain the fundamentals of the calculations, so that you learn the mechanics and the meaning of standard deviation. This approach gives you an understanding of standard deviation, which then allows you to be flexible in the tools that you use. 4. Create a histogram from this data. Use the appropriate number of cells to represent the data. Hint: There is a 'rules of thumb' cell choice table in the HISTOGRAM (part I) section of your workbook. 5. By looking at the histogram, is the process approximately normally distributed? Is there obvious assignable-cause variation? Use Excel 2003 to find mean and Standard Deviation Use Excel 2007 to find mean and Standard Deviation Histograms in Excel 2003 Histograms in Excel 2007 More on Bin Ranges Data: Data for 'Wait Times' for last month 24 27 18 11 22 27 17 23 17 5 17 28 24 17 8 21 26 23 17 31 18 27 22 27 17 40 22 18 17 18 28 How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 5 or earlier YOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT A HISTOGRAM FOR THIS DELIVERABLE Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Expected Variation How do I determine if it's Student last name: approximately normal? Flemings Mean: Standard deviation: Is the data approximately bell shaped? What is the lowest point of expected variation? What is the upper point of expected variation? 21.193548 6.901302 Yes 41.897454 0.489642 Check ROUND ALL FINAL RESULTS TO Check 6 DECIMAL PLACES. Help Help Check Check 12 10 8 6 Frequency 4 2 0 12 10 8 6 Frequency 4 2 0 Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Expected Variation" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline forhaving all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: The team wants to know if there is an obvious reason for wait times being longer than what is acceptable. One of the team members suggested using a stem-and-leaf diagram to get a visualization of the variation in wait times. Wait times were recorded for the past 70 days. By looking at the numbers below, can you tell if there is assignable-cause variation? Unless you have a graphing function in your head, it is difficult to tell. So, that is the question. "Is there assignable-cause variation that can be realized from the 70 data values listed?" Your job is to answer that question. You could use a histogram (among other tools) to answer that question, but your sponsor wants to keep the actual raw data when reviewing the tool of choice. So, you will be using a stem-and-leaf diagram so that the raw data can be preserved. Construct a stem-and-leaf from the data. Is the process approximately normally distributed? If not, what shape do you see and what should we do about this? Instructions for you: 1. 2. 3. 4. Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram Answer the question: "Is there process approximately normally distributed?" What is the stem-and-leaf diagram telling you? What would you recommend? Data: I'm lost Wait times (last 10 weeks) 16 16 17 37 47 32 48 21 18 75 15 17 13 47 11 47 38 17 20 49 19 16 26 17 65 15 17 48 16 44 48 45 50 49 63 17 22 10 18 51 14 80 6 49 48 47 48 52 46 48 47 20 71 47 50 95 47 20 50 35 21 46 48 20 64 16 44 82 51 58 How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 6 or earlier Helpful tip - Sorting - Excel 2007 Helpful tip - Sorting - Excel 2003 Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Stem & Leaf Student last name: Flemings 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 0 1 3 0 4 2 0 0 6 2 5 4 0 4 5 0 1 5 0 5 7 0 3 1 6 8 0 4 1 6 2 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 1 5 1 5 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 Is it reasonably normally distributed? If it is not normal, what shape is it? (Use the correct term for this shape, not a description.) Based on this analysis, what is the next thing you would do? No Takes on a bimodal shape. Type your recommendation here. "What's the purpose of the red line?" 9 9 Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Stem and Leaf" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: We want you to determine the baseline sigma level with the Motorola 1.5 sigma shift. Note: You will need to refer to the tab entitled "The Project" for this deliverable. Instructions for you: Calculate the PPM / DPMO and determine the baseline sigma level with the Motorola shift. How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 7 or earlier Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Baseline Sigma Student last name: Flemings What is the baseline sigma? (Approximately) 3.0 Check Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Baseline Sigma" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: The team is certain there is a correlation between the volume of patients and the number of patients who "Leave Without Treatment" (LWT). If there really IS correlation with the set of data, the attention will be directed to determine how to improve the process considering the cause-effect relationship between the x's and y's. If there is no correlation evident in the set of data, the team will have to go back to the drawing board.' Instructions for you: With the data provided, construct a scatter diagram and calculate the correlation coefficient to determine if their hypothesis is correct. Data: Number in for treatment per specific day 172 132 130 206 199 223 201 169 135 200 189 110 203 189 224 197 188 125 199 194 207 Leave without treatment incidents 4 6 2 4 6 4 8 7 5 3 7 8 6 5 8 4 8 2 6 8 7 Scatter Diagrams in Excel 2003 Scatter Diagrams in Excel 2007 Correlation Coefficient - Excel 2003 Correlation Coefficient - Excel 2007 How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 9 or earlier YOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT THE ACTUAL SCATTER DIAGRAM Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Scatter Diagram Student last name: Flemings Is there strong correlation? IF there is strong correlation, is it positive or negative? No... Correlation Coefficient of .225575186 Very Weak, Is Positive HINT! Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Scatter Diagram" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. n Excel 2003 n Excel 2007 nt - Excel 2003 nt - Excel 2007 Objective: As stated in the problem, patients are leaving the emergency department before being seen by a doctor for a variety of reasons. The American Medical Association released findings from a study (blue font far below) that addressed the following question of people who left ER's without treatment: "Why did you leave the ER without waiting for treatment?" You need to determine the "biggest contributor" to the problem of people leaving without treatment. One tool to accomplish this is the Pareto Chart Instructions for you: Using the data in blue below construct a Pareto chart (see your online textbook reading assignment for more). We realize that you could simply pick the two or three process components without actually creating the Pareto Chart, but we want you to actually create the Pareto Chart because in reality management likes to see simple charts where they don't have to analyze the data to see the picture. That is why the Pareto Chart is used in the first place. SAMPLE Notice: The shaded section below has a practice problem intended to help you with this assignment. If you want to skip this hypothetical problem, you can. Hypothetical problem (This is NOT the project data which is why this is separated in a shaded box) Just to show you how this works, let's say the responses were as follows: Let's say that data reveals the following counts for beach-related injuries for the month of July. Injury categories # of incidents Cuts from broken glass 12 This green area is just for practice. The project is below in blue. Surf boarding injuries 37 Fishing related injuries 41 Jelly fish stings 45 This is a hypothetical example Skim boarding accidents 29 You will be doing this using different Hit with flying toy 79 data for your project, but this is merely Sprained ankle 43 showing you how to do it. Jet Ski accidents 34 Burns from grills 52 Misc. 22 The first thing you would have to do is sort the data from the largest count of injuries to the smallest. It would look like this after sorting. Then, you would create a cumulative percentage column. Click once on any of the cumulative percentages to see the formula. Injury categories # of incidents Cumulative % Hit with flying toy 79 20% How did you get 20? Burns from grills 52 33% How did you get 33? Jelly fish stings 45 45% Sprained ankle 43 56% Fishing related injuries 41 66% Surf boarding injuries 37 75% Jet ski accidents 34 84% Skim boarding accidents 29 91% Misc. 22 97% Cuts from broken glass 12 100% 394 ..Back to the project itself... Data: Reasons for leaving: Got tired of waiting Not necessary Too many people waiting Doctor treatment Staff treatment Environment Elsewhere Ignored me Too expensive Had to go / ran out of time Total choosing this response 6 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 Cumulative % 10 14 18 21 23 25 26 27 28 29 Create a Pareto chart in Excel 2003 Create a Pareto chart in Excel 2007 TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 10 or earlier YOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND THE ACTUAL PARETO CHART. Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Pareto Chart Student last name: Flemings Which ONE issue should your team focus on first, based upon what the Pareto Chart is telling you, and why? The Project Team at most should focus on the first six reasons patients decided to leave .The information is substantiated by the Pareto Chart. 7 6 0.84 6 1 0 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.56 4 2 1 0.72 5 3 0.92 0.4 4 0.6 4 0.5 0.4 3 2 0.3 2 0.2 1 1 1 1 0.1 0 How to submit an Assignment Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Pareto Analysis" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: You recommend using a design of experiments approach to hopefully realize a breakthrough improvement. The team brainstorms a long list of possible reasons why the wait times are so long. From that list, the team has reduced it down to 5 factors they want to include in an experiment. They do not suspect any interactions, so they conclude a resolution III will be adequate. They refer to the resolution matrix (in Analyzing Fractional Factorial Designs Lecture - see also your online textbook) and they find they can learn about the effects of those five factors in as little as 8 experiments. Instructions for you: Construct an main effects plot for all five of the factors. We will do the first one for you as an example: Take an average of the wait time minutes (y) when "staff size" was at (-). Then, do the same thing for when the results (y) when "staff size" was at (1). When at (-1) When at (+1) 7 9 28 25 26 8 6 28 Average 16.75 17.50 Data: The factors for the experiment were: A B C D E - level 8 FIFO Iterative Product A 68 degrees Staff size Order of treatment Method of treatment Tracking software Temp. in the waiting room + level 16 By priority All at once Product B 75 degrees The design below was taken from Minitab. There are other software packages that provide the same information. There can also be found in Design of Experiments textbooks. Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Staff sz 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 Order 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 Method -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 Software -1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 Rm temp Results (Y) (patient wait time measured in minutes) -1 9 1 7 Excel 2003 Tip -1 25 -1 28 Excel 2007 Tip 1 26 1 8 -1 28 1 6 How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 13 or earlier YOU DO NOT NEED TO SEND IN THE MAIN EFFECTS PLOTS Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: DOE Student last name: Flemings Staff size Staff size + Treatment order Treatment order + Method Method + Software Software + Room temp Room temp + 16.75 17.50 17.75 16.50 7.50 26.75 17.25 17.00 22.50 47.00 ROUND YOUR FINAL RESULTS TO 2 DECIMAL PLACES. Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Which two factors are the most significant and what are the optimum settings for these two factors? The objective is smaller-is-better relative to wait time. Among the 5 factors the factors having higher absolute mean effect are most significant. Thus, here Treatment order and Room Temp are most significant. Check Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - DOE" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: Earlier, you have made some progress as a result of the stem-and-leaf diagram. The team changed the process so that returning patients were processed ahead of the first-time patients. This dramatically decreased the overall wait times because the returning patients were already in the system. The team also learned how to improve the process through the use of designed experiments. There were other improvements made through the use of other Six Sigma tools and techniques (aside from your project deliverables) and now the wait times are acceptable. Now, you want to ensure that they are staying that way and you want to practice "prevention" versus "detection." Part of your CONTROL strategy is to employ the use of an on-going capability study to ensure 'the plates are still spinning'--so-to-speak. And, the next deliverable will do that, but prior to performing a capability study, one must make sure the process is in statistical control. This is good, because the team decided to use a control chart as part of the CONTROL phase anyhow, so this will work out fine. In fact, let's do one now...just to make sure we are in statistical control. Instructions for you: Answer the questions and type those responses in the peach colored box below. Data: Wait time (minutes) in order of occurrence 1 10 2 17 3 29 4 39 5 55 6 64 7 28 8 6 9 5 10 3 11 39 12 46 13 35 14 30 15 6 16 32 17 33 18 11 19 20 20 13 21 9 22 14 23 12 24 30 25 56 26 62 27 73 28 54 29 10 30 9 Control Chart in Excel 2003 Control Chart Excel 2007 Help "Don't I need special software?" YOU DO NOT NEED TO SUBMIT THE XmR CHART!! Project: Deliverable: Student last name: Upper control limit for the range: Upper control limit for the individuals: Lower control limit for the individuals: Healthcare 2015 XmR Chart Your last name here Type in UCL-R Type in UCL-x Type in LCL-x Is there adequate discrimination? Explain your answer: Which chart did you use and exactly how many strata are there on that chart? How many should there be? Take all results to 6 decimal places. Help Help Check Type your answer here. Include which chart you used, how many strata there are Help on that chart, and how many there should be for adequate discrimination. If the process is unstable, what process would you follow to determine what is causing the instability? HINT Type your answer here. TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 14 or earlier How to submit an Assignment Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: 1. COURSE MENU 2. CLASS ROSTER 3. Click on your instructor's email envelope icon 4. Type "Check My Work - Control Chart" in the SUBJECT box. 5. Click once inside of the message box 6. Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course. Objective: As mentioned in the last deliverable, one part of the CONTROL phase of DMAIC is to to use the control chart to control and monitor the process behavior. We use a capability study to determine how the process is performing in reference to the specifications, once we have a stable and predictable process as determined by the control chart. Assume that you addressed all of the assignable causes and the process is now stable. Your team decided to use a Pp/Ppk study. Reflected in the data below is last month's wait times under the new, stable process. You need to use this data in your Pp/Ppk study. You also need to construct a histogram as a part of your capability study to ensure that the process variation is still acting normal. By the way--finish this deliverable correctly and make all required corrections to the other assignments and you are finished with the project. Congratulations!!!! Instructions for you: 1. Construct a histogram from the data below. 2. Is the processes approximately normally distributed? 3. Calculate Pp and Ppk. Note: The upper and lower specifications are listed to the right of the data. You will need these to do the calculations. 4. Based on the commonly accepted criteria covered in this course, are the processes acceptable? Histograms in Excel 2003 Histograms in Excel 2007 More on Bin Ranges Pp, Ppk formulas Use Excel 2003 to find mean and Standard Deviation Use Excel 2007 to find mean and Standard Deviation Data: Data: Wait times 2 11 9 8 6 12 9 9 8 13 11 7 7 10 14 4 8 10 9 9 15 9 9 6 10 9 Upper spec is 30 minutes Lower spec/target is 0 minutes 7 9 8 5 How to submit an Assignment TARGET ASSIGNMENT DATE - Submit in Week 15 or earlier YOU DO NOT NEED TO INCLUDE YOUR HISTOGRAM IN THIS ASSIGNMENT Project: Healthcare 2015 Deliverable: Pp Ppk Student last name: Flemings Pp (round final result to 6 decimal places): 1.817957 Ppk (round final result to 6 decimal places): 1.062495 Is the process reasonably normally distributed? Yes This process is Not Acceptable. For most Is the process acceptable? What is organizations, Ppk must be at least 1.5 to be the basis for your decision? minimally capable. This process will not consistently meet specifications. Read this! To send each assignment to your instructor: Click-and-hold the LEFT mouse button at the TOP-LEFT corner of the peach-colored box, then while holding down on that button, drag to the LOWER-RIGHT corner of the box. This will highlight the entire peach-colored box. Release the mouse button. Do a CTRL-C. This will copy what has been highlighted. Go to your Villanova website and follow this sequence: Check Check HINT! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. COURSE MENU CLASS ROSTER Click on your instructor's email envelope icon Type "Check My Work - Pp, Ppk" in the SUBJECT box. Click once inside of the message box Do a CTRL-V. This will paste your deliverable into this box. Don't be concerned if after you paste it, the appearance of the text is out of alignment. It will straighten out after you hit SEND. 7. SEND Check your SENT ITEMS folder afterward to see how it straightened out. Please 'hand-in' your assignments throughout the course. DO NOT SAVE THEM FOR THE END. The deadline for having all project deliverables 100% correct is 7 days prior to the end of the course