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Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research Conflict of interest

A conflict of research interest is defined as a situation where financial, academic, or other personal interests can compromise directly or significantly an individual or group's professional judgment in designing, reviewing, conducting, or reporting research. They form a central issue when discussing research integrity (Catharina 2021). There are several forms of conflict of interest, such as intangible and tangible interest, academic, conflict of commitment, conflict of conscience, and financial interest. Annane et al., (2019) note that the nature of COI is mostly non-financial. The researcher must create a conflict of interest management plan to protect their participants and receive approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). In the study of African American middle school students and their mathematics achievement by grade span type, academic conflict of interest must be considered. The nature of COI in the academic realm is not limited to that of an academic individual (i.e. leadership) but to intellectual and curricula bias (Annane et al., 2019).

Vulnerable Populations & Protected Populations

The researcher must maintain the integrity and best interest of vulnerable populations and protected populations. The Belmont Report (USDHHS, 1979) states that participants are to be treated ethically and the researcher must go to the extent to ensure their well-being is secure. Examples of vulnerable and protected populations would be children and adolescents, the elderly, individuals with disabilities, and the terminally ill. Creswell (2018) strongly suggests that the researcher be sensitive and caring to these participants and pay close attention to imbalanced power relations and putting them at risk.

Self as Subject

A researcher as the participant (self as subject) is often seen as unethical and is considered an individual conflict of interest. The primary concern with this conflict of interest is that the study will be viewed as subjective. The researcher can also potentially jeopardize their credibility.

Ethical Issues

The researcher must be attentive to ethical concerns and protect the participant's privacy while designing the study (Creswell, 2018). In the proposed study of African American students' math achievement in different grade span middle school buildings, the researcher must gain site permissions, using the organization's policies, along with local and state entities. Informed consent will be needed to interview adolescent participants and additionally, child assent. The researcher must ensure that the purpose of the study is explained in a meaningful way to both child and parent. The proposed study should make certain that multiple perspectives of the central phenomenon are presented and not demonstrate bias with the participants. References Annane, D., Lerolle, N., Meuris, S., Sibilla, J., & Olsen, K. M. (2019). Academic conflict of interest. Intensive Care Medicine, 45(1), 13-20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5458-Academic integrity and honesty (2014). Retrieved from http//www.capella.edu/content/dam/capella/PDF/policies/3.01.01.pdf Catharina, J. K. (2021). Negotiating conflicts of interest: Working with multiple stakeholders. Qualitative Research Journal, 21(1), 65-75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-12-2019-0103 Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage. https://capella.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781506386683/ U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (1979). The Belmont report. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html