What are research hypotheses and null hypotheses? What are p values and alpha levels (a)? What are Type I and Type 1] errors? (chapters 7 to 9} Know what z statistics and tstatistics are and when they should be used. Know how to calculate 2 statistics and t statistics {for difference between means) and how to make a decision about a null hypothesis using the Standard Nomal Table (Appendix B) and the Distribution of t Table (Appendix C). (chapter 7) Know when it is appropriate to use bivariate tables (cross-tabulations). Be able to interpret a bivariate table. Know how to calculate a chi-square statistic (12) and how to Use it to make a decision about a null hypothesis using the Distribution of Chi-square Table {Appendix D). (chapter 3)