What are the effects of the following on the Yen$/$US dollar exchange rate $($brieflyexplain$)$: $(14$ pts$)$

$($a$)$ an increase in US$.$ imports of merchandise

$($b$)$ a Federal Reserve purchase of foreign exchange

$($c$)$ a sharp increase in the US rate of inflation

$($d$)$ higher US interest rates

$($e$)$ an increase in US investments overseas through international mutual funds.

$($f$)$ a surge in foreign direct investment into the US

$($g$)$ larger US Federal budget deficits accompanied by a tight monetary policy