What are the foundational theories that underpin chemical engineering, encompassing principles of mass and energy transfer, reaction kinetics, process design, and thermodynamics? Explore how these theories inform the design, optimization, and operation of chemical processes in various industries, from pharmaceuticals to petrochemicals. Investigate the role of theoretical frameworks in addressing modern challenges like sustainability, environmental impact, and the development of novel materials and technologies. Analyze the interdisciplinary nature of chemical engineering theories and their impact on advancing scientific innovation and industrial practices.