What are the fundamental principles and key concepts in chemical engineering, and how do they contribute to the design and optimization of chemical processes? Explore topics such as mass and energy balances, reaction kinetics, and transport phenomena, highlighting their significance in engineering design and problem$-$solving. Discuss the application of thermodynamics in process design and optimization, considering concepts like phase equilibria and heat transfer. Additionally, analyze the role of process control and optimization techniques in maximizing efficiency and product quality. Finally, examine the importance of safety and environmental considerations in chemical engineering practice, emphasizing sustainable and responsible process design.