What are the key concepts and variables in the qualitative example below? Also, how might I operationalize these variables if conducting a research study to address the gap identified in the example.

 

Example

 

The specific problem prompting the need for this study was the lack of a deeper understanding of a parent's style from a child's perspective and how perceptions of parenting styles compare and contrast between parent and child (Cho et al., 2020). Researchers have shown parenting styles as reported by parents affect a child's wellbeing (Liu et al., 2020; Mak et al., 2020; Moreno Mendez et al., 2020; Peng, 2021); however, the child's perception of consenting to the type of parenting style used was unidentified (Canfield et al., 2020; Delvecchio et al., 2020; Molina, 2015; Phillips et al., 2014) prior to the results of this study. Parenting styles such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful have been previously identified to differentially affect the parent and child relationship (Baumrind 1966; Maccoby & Martin, 1983); however, there was a lack of understanding in the literature about how both participants within the parent-child relationship perceive the parenting style. This was problematic as a failure to recognize and address children's perception of the parental styles used by their parents could interfere with their well-being. Furthermore, a parent or child's perception could be presented differently, and wellbeing cannot be wholly promulgated until a child's perceptions about the parenting style are expanded (Canfield et al., 2020; Delvecchio et al., 2020; Phillips et al., 2014).

Cross-informant interviewing can promote self-awareness about the perceptions of parenting (Rizvi & Najam 2019), since one becomes self-aware when reflecting on the experiences through perceiving and processing (Morin, 2011). Exploring the different perspectives can help understand more about parental practices and their impact on child wellbeing to foster self-awareness (Ahmad & Smetana, 2021) and lead to better parenting outcomes since perceptions can be professed differently (Rizvi & Najam 2019). The differences among the parental and child's perceptions can be used to inform the parental population (Delvecchio et al., 2020; Peng, 2021; Rizvi & Najam 2019).