What are the primary financial statements, and what is the purpose of each?

Where would we expect to see specific line items (e.g., interest expense, intangible assets, dividends, etc.)?

How do the financial statements articulate? What are some key interrelations (e.g., change in cash on balance sheet = change in cash on statement of cash flows, etc.)

What is the time period associated with each financial statement (period, point in time)?