What are the theoretical underpinnings shaping the field of chemical engineering, encompassing principles, methodologies, and applications? Explore key concepts such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, mass transfer, and process control. Investigate how these theories drive the design, optimization, and operation of chemical processes in diverse industries. Examine the role of mathematics, chemistry, and physics in solving complex engineering problems. Assess historical contributions, contemporary advancements, and future prospects in chemical engineering, addressing challenges and promoting sustainable practices.