What condition occurs when proteins in the eye form clumps, preventing normal movement of light through the eye and resulting in a clouding of the lens?

2. Which medical specialty is concerned with diseases of the blood?

3. Used to treat patients with defective kidneys, how is the process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood known?

4. Can you explain why a patient with colorectal carcinoma might present with diarrhoea and abdominal pain?

5. What causes the blood to be altered in the presentation of melaena: is it intestinal juice?

6.What is the differential diagnosis of multiple rectal ulcers in an 18-yearold female?

7.What is the best surgical technique in a chronic (2-3 years) painful anal fissure that is located sagittally posteriorly?

8.Can I make a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a 40-year-old

female patient without doing gastrointestinal investigations?

9.What is the cause of abdominal bloating, which is often a symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

10.

1. Where is the Traub's area situated anatomically?

2. What does it mean if it is dull on percussion?

3. What is the proper way to percuss this area?