What forces keeping bank deposits from going above and below par value, respectively? Banks hold the approximate amount of reserves needed to redeem; Banks' ability or perceived ability to fulfill their promise to pay. Banks hold the approximate amount of reserves needed to redeem; Banks hold the approximate amount of reserves needed to redeem. Banks do not promise to pay more than par at redemption; Banks' ability or perceived ability to fulfill their promise to pay. Banks do not promise to pay more than par at redemption; Banks hold the approximate amount of reserves needed to redeem