What is double taxation? What methods do taxing authorities use to eliminate or mitigate the evil of double taxation?

2. Show how double taxation on a taxpayer may result if all countries were to tax the worldwide income of their residents and the income earned within their territorial boundaries.

3. Discuss how a MNC might attempt to repatriate blocked funds from a host country.

4. Sigma Corporation of Boston is contemplating establishing a wholly owned subsidiary operation in the Mediterranean. Two countries under consideration are Spain and Cyprus. Sigma intends to repatriate all after-tax foreign-source income to the United States. In the U.S., corporate income is taxed at 35 percent. In Cyprus, the marginal corporate tax rate is 10 percent. In Spain, corporate income is taxed at 30 percent. The withholding tax treaty rates with the U.S. on dividend income paid is 5 percent from Cyprus and 10 percent from Spain.

The financial manager of Sigma has asked you to help him determine where to locate the new subsidiary. The location decision of Cyprus or Spain will be based on which country has the smallest total tax liability.

Please make sure to provide a response for each question with approximately 300-350 words in length.