What is the elasticity of substitution between labor and capital in a situation in which you have right-angle (L shaped) isoquants?

If consumer demand for pears is: Q = 80 - Ppear + Papple, what will happen to Q if Ppear falls by $1? Ppear falls by $2? Papple rises by $1? Papple falls by $2?

Always remember, how is Q measured? Is it demand for apples or pears (above it says "pears")

If a competitive firm maximizes short-run profits by producing some quantity of output, what does this imply for P, MC, MR, AVC, and how these relate to each other?

If a profit-maximizing farm finds that, at its current level of production, MR > MC, what should it do? (shut down? shrink? expand? (use your economic intuition)

If the long-run competitive market supply curve is horizontal, what would this imply for P, MC, AC, and for Economic Profit?

If a firm is forced to operate in a perfectly competitive market (as defined in the book), what is true about its product? Is it going to be advertising its product? Is it going to engage in strategy with other firms?

Suppose the market supply curve is p = 5Q. At a price of p = 10, what is producer surplus? How does this change if the market supply curve is p = 5 + Q? (obviously this is one that you should sketch on a piece of paper; remember that producer surplus is the difference between price and marginal cost for all units sold)