What is the independent variable? What is the mean of this variable? What is the standard deviation of this variable? Did the authors use appropriate measures of dispersion for this variable? What other measures of dispersion could the authors have also used and why?

The fall in the rate of violent crime has stopped. This is a finding of an investigation using the Crime Survey for England and Wales, 1994-2014, and an improved methodology to include the experiences of high-frequency victims. The cap on the number of crimes included has been removed. We prevent overall volatility from rising by using three-year moving averages and regression techniques that take account of all the data points rather than point to point analysis. The difference between our findings and official statistics is driven by violent crime committed against women and by domestic perpetrators. The timing of the turning point in the trajectory of violent crime corresponds with the economic crisis in 2008/09.

% of Victim % of Forms with Victim Total number Year of over five Forms of violent crime Sample survey violent crimes coded 97 Victim Forms size 1994 5.9 0.4 831 16,550 1996 5.9 0.0 1,011 18,955 1998 4.0 0.1 692 14,947 2000 3.5 0.1 823 19,411 2001/02 4.7 0.7 953 32,824 2002/03 5.8 0.3 968 36,479 2003/04 4.6 0.5 992 37,931 2004/05 6.1 0.3 999 45,120 2005/06 6.2 1.0 1,044 47,796 2006/07 5.9 0.7 1,169 47,203 2007/08 5.0 0.7 1,429 46,983 2008/09 4.3 0.7 1,361 46,286 2009/10 5.1 0.5 1,175 44,638 2010/11 5.4 0.5 1,372 46,754 2011/12 5.8 0.6 1,253 46,031 2012/13 6.6 1.2 887 34,880 2013/14 5.3 0.8 586 35,371