what is the solution to this problem?

(a) Verify that 321 is expressed in binary as 101000001.

(b) Starting at the left-hand end, write down the 9 decimal integers that result from taking successively extra digits in this binary expansion.

(c) We wish to calculate the congruence class of 4517321 modulo 3187. Using the previous part, describe the calculations that you would perform to determine this congruence class.

(d) Do those calculations, using your calculator. What is 4517321 modulo 3187 ? (Do not use sophisticated software, as this will not be available to you under exam conditions.)