What issues of informed consent are raised by each of the situations below? If you were a member of an IRB, would you approve the research activity described, or would you require some change or addition? Justify your answer for each of the cases described. 1. As part of a face-to-face survey, the interviewer is asked to observe how many books are visible in the respondent's living room. 2. As part of a methodological study in a telephone survey, the first few moments of the interaction between the interviewer and the potential respondent are recorded for later analysis. 3. Before asking for a survey interview as part of a study of children's interactions with parents, the interviewer makes structured observations of how the parent and child interact in a public park. The observations are used to select the sample and become part of the data collected for each respondent. 4. As part of a study of whether vote intentions are affected by the sponsor of the survey, some respondents are told that the sponsor is an organization different from the one actually conducting the survey. 5. A researcher wants to determine how accurately women report having had an abortion. From medical records, she obtains the names and addresses of women who have had an abortion at a particular clinic, and then sends them a letter inviting them to participate. Among other things, the letter states: "The aim of the investigation is the collection of data on the health of our women and the factors influencing it, as well as how satisfied women are with the organization of medical care and their opinion about ways it might be reorganized. The substantive part of the research is a survey in which data are collected directly from people. Respondents, including yourself, were selected from the address register by a method of random selection...."