What pledges did the Republican and Democratic parties list in their $2020$ party platforms?What is a political party?What did E$.$E$.$ Schattschneider note about political parties?How are partys linkage institutions?The history of democratic government is inseparable from?The competition among parties gives popular majorities a choice over?How did many of Americas early leaders view parties?Name Americas first political parties. How did they originate?What happened during the so called "Era of Good Feeling?"What was Andrew Jackson's goal and contribution to the development of political parties? What type of party did he seek to develop?Which party emerged as a result of the slavery issue?When was the first and only time in our nations history that the party system failed to peacefully settle Americans political differences?When did the nation settle into a pattern of competition between two major parties?How have the Democrats and Republicans endured as the two major U$.$S$.$ political parties?What are party realignments? Are they common? How many times has this occurred since $1850?$When was the first realignment? Which party benefitted?What were the circumstances surrounding the $2$nd and $3$rd alignment? Who was president?Which party has gained the most from the latest realignment? Where was the change most dramatic? Why?What percent of the partisan vote can a party nominee expect to get during an election?What is the difference between straight ticket voting and split ticket voting? What percent of today's voters cast a split ticket?What is the difference between a two$-$party system and a multiparty system?What is largely the reason for the dominance of Americas two$-$party system? How are minor parties discouraged in the U$.$S$.?$How does proportional representation encourage the formation of smaller parties?What is the major goal of any American political party?What is the party coalition? What is the so called "gender gap?"Which groups in U$.$S$.$ tend to vote republican & democratic?How many minor or $3$rd parties have there been in U$.$S$.$ history? Which minor party has been the most successful?Which minor party candidate won $19$ percent of the presidential vote in $1992?$What was the strongest third party during the $2016$ election?What is a nomination? What is a primary election? What is the difference between closed and open primaries?How many elective offices are in the U$.$S$.?$ How many are contested statewide? What about nationally? As a result, what percent of political activists work at local level?What was introduced in the $1950$s that allowed candidates to take greater control of their campaigns?How much campaign spending is devoted to televised political advertisements? What is the main reason for the high cost of U$.$S$.$ campaigns?What is the money chase? On average, how much money must a U$.$S$.$ senator raise every week to acquire enough money to launch a competitive bid for reelection?What is hard money? What are super PAC's?Who are the two legendary operatives to reference for running a national campaign?What is the difference between prospective and retrospective voting?