When a price ceiling is in place keeping the price below the market price, what's larger: quantity demanded or quantity supplied? How does this explain the long lines and wasteful searches we see in price$-$controlled markets?

If the price is held below equilibrium quantity $$ is greater than quantity $$

The long lines are wasteful because

$$ it takes producers time to produce enough to bring the $$ producers have to determine who will get the items. quantity supplied to the level of quantity demanded. consumers are forced to pay with time instead of money. $$ consumers use this time in line to socialize with others