When doing research, conducting interviews with individuals is usually more cost effective than sending out Liken-scale questionnaires. Citing the sources of information is only necessary in formal reports. Formal reports typically have three characteristics: they are short, can use formal and informal language, and are organized with a traditional structure Bar charts are probably the most frequently used visual aid in reports The following is an example of a functional heading: Projected City of Tax Revenue for 2014. Tertiary research will gather information from such sources as books, journal, newspapers, government documents and the internet. Justification/recommendation reports determine if a plan is practical. The discussion of findings section of a proposal identifies the problem and discusses the goals or purposes of the project. Informal proposals need to close with a request for approval or authorization, but formal proposals do not Surveys, questionnaires, and interviews are examples of secondary data. Referencing is the act of quoting directly, paraphrasing, or summarizing information from a source without citing that source. The best way to graphically illustrate changes over time is to create a pie chart. An executive summary contains supplementary information for top-level employees that is needed to clarify the report. Because conflict can cause awkwardness and uneasiness, it should be avoided at all meetings. If an employment position has been announced and applicants are being solicited, you should write your application letter using an indirect approach. In order to be ethical, you should list every position you have had in your career on your Addressing your cover letter to the Human Resources Department or Personnel Manager make a positive impression on an employer. Samples and props should never be used in a presentation because they are too distracting