When Emily in Accounting, Jose in Marketing and Alex in Warehousing make the case to the CEO about buying specialized, departmental software to improve the efficiency of their respective departments $-$ their actions may be described as:

A$.$ Pre$-$ERP thinking, where each department manager is trying to solve only the problems within their own department

B$.$ Working with ERP, where each manager wants to buy their own version of the ERP system

C$.$ All of the answers are correct

D$.$ Moving to a customer focus, where each manager wants to efficiently perform the tasks their department is assigned