When the futures price is above the forward rate, astute investors may attempt to simultaneously buy a currency forward and sell futures in that currency. These actions would place $\_\_\_\_$ pressure on the forward rate and $\_\_\_\_$ pressure on the futures rate.$$

Question $1$ options:

a$)$

$$upward; upward

b$)$

$$downward; upward

c$)$

$$upward; downward

d$)$

$$downward; downward