Which, if any, of the events in (a) to (e) create valid easement? (Assume that all the transactions mentioned concern registered land.)

1. (a)Andy granted his neighbour, Bart, a right to use the trampoline inAndy's back garden.
2. (b)Candice told her neighbour, Danny, that he was welcome to lay gas pipes through her back garden and use them for as long as he wanted. Danny went ahead and paid a contractor to install the pipes to supply his newly-built house.
3. (c)Emma granted Fanny a right for Fanny to land her drone inEmma's field. Fanny uses the drone as part of her aerialphotography business.
4. (d)Grace claims the right to puther TV aerial on the roof of Hector'shouse. Their houses share the same roof. TV aerial experts have advised Grace that this is the only location that will provide her house with a reliable signal. Grace purchased her house from Hector two years ago having previously held a tenancy of the property for a number of years.
5. (e)Ivor agreed in writing for Jonty to put his gardening equipment inIvor's locked greenhouse. Jonty's garden is adjacent to thegreenhouse.