Which of the following are examples of statistical discrimination?

• Car insurance companies charge higher prices to men than women because the companies believe men are more likely to get into an accident.
• An employer chooses not to hire Black workers because he believes having Black employees will make White customers less likely to visit his store.
• Banks are more likely to give loans to married couples than single people because banks believe married couples are less likely to default.
• Parole boards are less likely to grant parole to African-Americans than whites because the members of the parole board believe African-Americans are more likely to recidivate (i.e. commit another crime).