Which of the following best describes the concept of fluidization in chemical engineering processes?

A$)$ The process of converting a solid material into a fluid$-$like state by passing a fluid through it at a controlled velocity within a vessel.

B$)$ The phenomenon where a gas$-$solid or liquid$-$solid mixture behaves like a fluid when the solid particles are suspended and evenly distributed within the fluid medium.

C$)$ The process of separating components of a mixture based on their differential migration rates in a fluid medium under the influence of gravity.

D$)$ The method of controlling the temperature of a reaction vessel by circulating a cooling fluid through a jacket surrounding the vessel.

E$)$ The technique of enhancing the heat transfer efficiency in a reactor by injecting a stream of high$-$velocity fluid into the reaction mixture.